1956 civil rights movement... right to vote...
THE SPRINGFIELD UNION, Mass., March 13, 1956
* "Southern Manifesto"signing
* United States Congress presentation
* Defense of White Supremacy - racism
* "Jim Crow" era of the Southern Democrats
The top of page 4 has a one column heading: "RACIAL ISSUE DEBATE FLARES IN U.S. SENATE" with subhead. (see images)
Complete with all 34 pages, light toning at the margins, good condition.
Background: On March 12, 1956, the presentation of the Southern Manifesto to Congress marked a definitive, polarizing turning point in American political history by exposing the irreconcilable ideological fissure over segregation within the Democratic Party. Signed by 101 Southern lawmakers, the document cloaked the defense of white supremacy in the respectable language of "states' rights" and constitutional originalism, effectively organizing a state-sanctioned campaign of "Massive Resistance" against the Supreme Court's Brown v. Board of Education ruling. This open defiance forced a bitter reckoning for Northern Democrats, who were increasingly reliant on the votes of Black Americans migrating to northern cities and could no longer politically afford to tolerate the Jim Crow status quo of their Southern colleagues. By codifying regional resistance to school integration, the event shattered the fragile New Deal coalition, setting off a decade of escalating federal-state crises—such as the forced integration of Little Rock Central High School in 1957—and ultimately paving the way for the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which permanently realigned the American electorate by driving Southern segregationists out of the Democratic Party and into the Republican fold.