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Jehovah's Witnesses and not saluting the U.S. flag...
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Jehovah's Witnesses and not saluting the U.S. flag...

Item # 727500 ·
THE NEW YORK TIMES, April 15, 1939

* Daniel Morgan sons - Fort Lee High School NJ expulsions
* Refusing to salute the American flag in classroom
* Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society member
* Charles Taze Russell followers - Bible Students 

Page 19 has a one column heading: "2 Pupils Expelled Over Flag Salute" with subhead. (see images)
Complete with 34 pages, rag edition in nice condition.

Background: On April 14, 1939, the expulsion of Jehovah’s Witness students from Fort Lee High School in New Jersey for refusing to salute the American flag served as a localized catalyst for a major national debate over religious freedom and civil liberties. Guided by their faith's interpretation of the Second Commandment against worshipping "graven images," these students directly defied New Jersey's strict mandatory patriotism laws, which had just been upheld by the state's Supreme Court in 1937. The historical significance of this specific event lies in how it typified the immense judicial and social hostility facing religious minorities on the eve of World War II, serving as a direct prelude to a volatile sequence of U.S. Supreme Court cases. While the nation initially doubled down on forced conformity through the disastrous 1940 Gobitis ruling—which triggered a wave of nationwide expulsions and vigilante violence against Witnesses—the persistent resistance of students like those in Fort Lee ultimately forced the Supreme Court to perform one of its most dramatic reversals in history. In the landmark 1943 decision West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette, the Court firmly established that the government cannot compel ideological orthodoxy, codifying a landmark constitutional precedent that permanently protects the right of all American public school students to quietly decline participation in the Pledge of Allegiance.
Category: The 20th Century
Price
$52
100% Authentic: Original printing, never a reproduction.