Pickering's report... the X,Y,Z Affair...
Item # 709046
·
COLUMBIAN CENTINEL, February 6, 1799
* XYZ Affair, Pickering Report, Quasi-War, undeclared naval conflict
Included with this issue is a 4 page supplement which contains what appears to be the entire text of Timothy Pickering's report to Congress and the President on the relations between the United States and France, what would be known as the X, Y, Z affair.
The front page of the "regular" 4 page issue has related content as well.
Eight pages, very nice, clean condition.
Background: The XYZ Affair and the subsequent 1799 Pickering Report marked a critical turning point in early American foreign policy, as they catalyzed the Quasi-War (1798–1800), an undeclared naval conflict with France, and fundamentally reshaped the domestic political landscape. The crisis began when French agents (secretly designated as X, Y, and Z by the Adams administration) demanded hefty bribes and a massive loan from American diplomats as a prerequisite for negotiating an end to French seizures of U.S. merchant shipping. When these demands were exposed, a wave of intense anti-French sentiment swept the nation, rallying public support around President John Adams and the Federalist Party. Secretary of State Timothy Pickering's exhaustive February 1799 report to Congress served as a powerful piece of political architecture; by meticulously documenting French hostility and diplomatic duplicity, it justified the rapid, unprecedented expansion of the U.S. military—including the formal establishment of the Department of the Navy and the provisional raising of a massive army. Furthermore, the Federalists effectively weaponized this patriotic fervor to pass the highly controversial Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798, which were designed to suppress domestic political opposition from Thomas Jefferson's pro-French Democratic-Republican party. Ultimately, this period solidified the United States' willingness to assert its sovereignty on the global stage through military preparedness, while simultaneously triggering one of the nation's earliest constitutional crises over civil liberties and dissent during wartime.
* XYZ Affair, Pickering Report, Quasi-War, undeclared naval conflict
Included with this issue is a 4 page supplement which contains what appears to be the entire text of Timothy Pickering's report to Congress and the President on the relations between the United States and France, what would be known as the X, Y, Z affair.
The front page of the "regular" 4 page issue has related content as well.
Eight pages, very nice, clean condition.
Background: The XYZ Affair and the subsequent 1799 Pickering Report marked a critical turning point in early American foreign policy, as they catalyzed the Quasi-War (1798–1800), an undeclared naval conflict with France, and fundamentally reshaped the domestic political landscape. The crisis began when French agents (secretly designated as X, Y, and Z by the Adams administration) demanded hefty bribes and a massive loan from American diplomats as a prerequisite for negotiating an end to French seizures of U.S. merchant shipping. When these demands were exposed, a wave of intense anti-French sentiment swept the nation, rallying public support around President John Adams and the Federalist Party. Secretary of State Timothy Pickering's exhaustive February 1799 report to Congress served as a powerful piece of political architecture; by meticulously documenting French hostility and diplomatic duplicity, it justified the rapid, unprecedented expansion of the U.S. military—including the formal establishment of the Department of the Navy and the provisional raising of a massive army. Furthermore, the Federalists effectively weaponized this patriotic fervor to pass the highly controversial Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798, which were designed to suppress domestic political opposition from Thomas Jefferson's pro-French Democratic-Republican party. Ultimately, this period solidified the United States' willingness to assert its sovereignty on the global stage through military preparedness, while simultaneously triggering one of the nation's earliest constitutional crises over civil liberties and dissent during wartime.
Categories: The 1600's and 1700's, American
Price
$83
100% Authentic: Original printing, never a reproduction.