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    <city nil="true"></city>
    <comments>Have more in the volume.</comments>
    <contents-reviewed type="boolean">false</contents-reviewed>
    <created-at type="datetime">2009-09-11T07:51:35-04:00</created-at>
    <created-system-user-id type="integer">4</created-system-user-id>
    <date type="date">1709-09-01</date>
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    <description>THE POST BOY, from London, dated September 1, 1709&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;* Early ad for dentists, teeth care and toothaches&lt;br /&gt;
* Unusual dental care medicine&lt;br /&gt;
* Rare title with nice masthead engraving&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A very early &amp;amp; genuine single sheet newspaper from England, featuring two nice engravings in the masthead (see).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Various news reports from throughout Europe are on the front page and some of back page, most of a military nature, while most of the back page is taken up with advertisements. One of the ads is for an interesting and unusual patent medicine headed: &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;Sir Theodore Mayern's Opiat for the TEETH&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot;, the text of which begins:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;It makes them clean and white as Ivory, tho' never so black &amp;amp; fastens and preserves them from the Toothach and Scurvy; a little of it rubb'd on the Teeth and wash'd off every Morning, as has been experienc'd by many persons of quality...&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt; with more (see photos).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Other interesting and unusual advertisements as well.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is the complete newspaper as published. It measures 8 1/4 by 14 inches and is in excellent condition, printed on high-quality, rag-based newspaper as was done in the 18th century.</description>
    <description-text>THE POST BOY, from London, dated September 1, 1709

* Early ad for dentists, teeth care and toothaches
* Unusual dental care medicine
* Rare title with nice masthead engraving

A very early &amp; genuine single sheet newspaper from England, featuring two nice engravings in the masthead (see).

Various news reports from throughout Europe are on the front page and some of back page, most of a military nature, while most of the back page is taken up with advertisements. One of the ads is for an interesting and unusual patent medicine headed: "Sir Theodore Mayern's Opiat for the TEETH", the text of which begins:

"It makes them clean and white as Ivory, tho' never so black &amp; fastens and preserves them from the Toothach and Scurvy; a little of it rubb'd on the Teeth and wash'd off every Morning, as has been experienc'd by many persons of quality..." with more (see photos).

Other interesting and unusual advertisements as well.

This is the complete newspaper as published. It measures 8 1/4 by 14 inches and is in excellent condition, printed on high-quality, rag-based newspaper as was done in the 18th century.</description-text>
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    <subheader>Dental care advertisement from 1709...</subheader>
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    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-10-27T14:49:50-04:00</updated-at>
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    <city nil="true"></city>
    <comments nil="true"></comments>
    <contents-reviewed type="boolean">false</contents-reviewed>
    <created-at type="datetime">2009-06-02T14:41:13-04:00</created-at>
    <created-system-user-id type="integer">4</created-system-user-id>
    <date type="date">1710-12-07</date>
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    <description>THE POST BOY, London, England UK, December 7, 1710&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* Rare 18th century title&lt;br /&gt;
* Nice masthead engraving for display&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A nice little single sheet newspaper featuring two nice engravings in the masthead, one of a post boy &amp;quot;trumpeting&amp;quot; the news. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Most of the first column is taken up with a letter: &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;To the First Chief of the Grandees of Polant, of the Religion of the Messiah, and of the Faith of Jesus, Grand-General of the Armies of the Kingdom...&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt; with a bit more (see). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are some advertisements on the ftpg. which carry over to take the entirety of the back page, one of the them being illustrated with: &amp;quot;A Draught of the Invention&amp;quot; (see). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Complete as a single sheet newspaper measuring 8 1/4 by 14 inches. Very nice condition.</description>
    <description-text>THE POST BOY, London, England UK, December 7, 1710  

* Rare 18th century title
* Nice masthead engraving for display

A nice little single sheet newspaper featuring two nice engravings in the masthead, one of a post boy "trumpeting" the news. 

Most of the first column is taken up with a letter: "To the First Chief of the Grandees of Polant, of the Religion of the Messiah, and of the Faith of Jesus, Grand-General of the Armies of the Kingdom..." with a bit more (see). 

There are some advertisements on the ftpg. which carry over to take the entirety of the back page, one of the them being illustrated with: "A Draught of the Invention" (see). 

Complete as a single sheet newspaper measuring 8 1/4 by 14 inches. Very nice condition.</description-text>
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    <id type="integer">559111</id>
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    <subheader>Displayable newspaper from 1710...</subheader>
    <topics>cat166</topics>
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    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-11-02T12:00:20-05:00</updated-at>
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    <contents-reviewed type="boolean">false</contents-reviewed>
    <created-at type="datetime">2009-05-08T14:50:49-04:00</created-at>
    <created-system-user-id type="integer">5</created-system-user-id>
    <date type="date">1727-03-25</date>
    <date-range-end type="date" nil="true"></date-range-end>
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    <description>&lt;strong&gt;THE LONDON GAZETTE&lt;/strong&gt;, from London, England, dated March 25, 1727&amp;nbsp; This is the oldest continually published newspaper in the world, having begun in 1665 and is still publishing today. This issue is over 280 years old. &lt;br /&gt;
Published three times a week, and each number, which cost two pence (halfpenny), contains eight pages. Included is domestic and foreign news, essays both original and reprinted (often serialized), occasional poetry, letters to the editor, and, mostly at the back, public notices and advertisements for books, patent medicines, auctions, and other goods and services.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This contains an article from Madrid of a &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;Proclamation forbidden, upon Pain of Death, all Persons in the Camp to write any particulars whatsoever of what passed:...&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp; Also on the front page is &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;An Act for importing Salt from Europe into the Province of Pensilvania (Pennsylvania) in America&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This includes both a partial red ink tax stamp.&amp;nbsp; This is the complete issue and it has scattered foxing, otherwise in good condition. See photos for details.</description>
    <description-text>THE LONDON GAZETTE, from London, England, dated March 25, 1727  This is the oldest continually published newspaper in the world, having begun in 1665 and is still publishing today. This issue is over 280 years old. 
Published three times a week, and each number, which cost two pence (halfpenny), contains eight pages. Included is domestic and foreign news, essays both original and reprinted (often serialized), occasional poetry, letters to the editor, and, mostly at the back, public notices and advertisements for books, patent medicines, auctions, and other goods and services.

This contains an article from Madrid of a "Proclamation forbidden, upon Pain of Death, all Persons in the Camp to write any particulars whatsoever of what passed:..."  Also on the front page is "An Act for importing Salt from Europe into the Province of Pensilvania (Pennsylvania) in America".

This includes both a partial red ink tax stamp.  This is the complete issue and it has scattered foxing, otherwise in good condition. See photos for details.</description-text>
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    <subheader>Salt to Pennsylvania...</subheader>
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    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-05-08T14:50:49-04:00</updated-at>
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  <web-item>
    <city nil="true"></city>
    <comments nil="true"></comments>
    <contents-reviewed type="boolean">false</contents-reviewed>
    <created-at type="datetime">2006-04-05T10:23:30-04:00</created-at>
    <created-system-user-id type="integer">7</created-system-user-id>
    <date type="date">1747-03-01</date>
    <date-range-end type="date" nil="true"></date-range-end>
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    <description>&lt;span id="WebsiteItems__ctl22_Description"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE&lt;/strong&gt;, London, England, March, 1747 (without map)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* Song celebrates battle of Culloden victory&lt;br /&gt;
* early electricity experiments&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span id="WebsiteItems__ctl22_Description"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;A very nice pre-Revolutionary War magazine from the &amp;quot;mother country&amp;quot; with a wide range of varied content including news of the day, political reports, literary items, and other unusual tidbits. This was the first periodical to use the word &amp;quot;magazine&amp;quot; in its title, having begun in 1731 and lasting until 1907. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
One of the better articles in this issue is: &amp;quot;Considerations on the State of the Spanish Affairs in their American Dominions&amp;quot; which takes over 2 pgs. (see for portions).&lt;br /&gt;
Over a full pg. is taken up with: &amp;quot;Electrical Experiments Proposed&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
Among the &amp;quot;Poetical Essays&amp;quot; is one titled: &amp;quot;A Hymn for the 9th of October 1746 being the Thanksgiving day for the Victory over the Rebels at Culloden&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Among the various articles in this issue are:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;A Short Account of the Tryal of Simon Lord Lovat before his Peers at Westminster Hall&amp;quot; which takes 6 pgs.&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;Romantic Story of a Nun&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;Nature &amp;amp; Properties of Insects&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* A full pg. sheet of music titled: &amp;quot;A Hunting Song&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Near the back is a section headed: &amp;quot;Historical Chronicle&amp;quot; with news from England &amp;amp; other parts of Europe.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Complete in 48 pgs. with full title/index page which contains an engraving of St. John's Gate.&amp;nbsp; Measures about 5 by 8 inches, very nice condition.&lt;br /&gt;
There are no plates or maps present.</description>
    <description-text>THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE, London, England, March, 1747 (without map)

* Song celebrates battle of Culloden victory
* early electricity experiments

A very nice pre-Revolutionary War magazine from the "mother country" with a wide range of varied content including news of the day, political reports, literary items, and other unusual tidbits. This was the first periodical to use the word "magazine" in its title, having begun in 1731 and lasting until 1907. 

One of the better articles in this issue is: "Considerations on the State of the Spanish Affairs in their American Dominions" which takes over 2 pgs. (see for portions).
Over a full pg. is taken up with: "Electrical Experiments Proposed".
Among the "Poetical Essays" is one titled: "A Hymn for the 9th of October 1746 being the Thanksgiving day for the Victory over the Rebels at Culloden".

Among the various articles in this issue are:

* "A Short Account of the Tryal of Simon Lord Lovat before his Peers at Westminster Hall" which takes 6 pgs.
* "Romantic Story of a Nun"
* "Nature &amp; Properties of Insects"
* A full pg. sheet of music titled: "A Hunting Song"

Near the back is a section headed: "Historical Chronicle" with news from England &amp; other parts of Europe.

Complete in 48 pgs. with full title/index page which contains an engraving of St. John's Gate.  Measures about 5 by 8 inches, very nice condition.
There are no plates or maps present.</description-text>
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    <message type="NilClass">&lt;a href="http://www.rarenewspapers.com/pages/gm_plate_note" onclick="window.open(this.href,'GMNoteConcerningPlatesandorMaps','resizable=no,location=no,menubar=no,scrollbars=no,status=no,toolbar=no,fullscreen=no,dependent=no,status'); return false"&gt;&lt;font color="#ff0000"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Read Note Regarding Potential Plates/Maps Within This Issue!&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;</message>
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    <price-updated-at type="datetime">2009-04-15T07:43:22-04:00</price-updated-at>
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    <subheader>Early electricity experiments...</subheader>
    <topics> gm_plate_note </topics>
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    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-04-30T14:44:31-04:00</updated-at>
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  <web-item>
    <city nil="true"></city>
    <comments nil="true"></comments>
    <contents-reviewed type="boolean">false</contents-reviewed>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-08-14T14:50:35-04:00</created-at>
    <created-system-user-id type="integer">7</created-system-user-id>
    <date type="date">1747-05-01</date>
    <date-range-end type="date" nil="true"></date-range-end>
    <date-range-start type="date" nil="true"></date-range-start>
    <description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE&lt;/strong&gt; from London England dated May, 1747.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;* Electricity Experiments&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
This issue&amp;nbsp;is about 55 pages in length. The front page of this issue has a nice masthead of St. John's Gate and contains news &amp;amp; stories from around the world during this very early time in history. VERY INTERESTING READING from the day it was first reported.&amp;nbsp; This issue is in nice condition due to the use of cotton and rag paper used during this time in history. A nice period item form the 18th century.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
    <description-text>GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE from London England dated May, 1747. 

* Electricity Experiments

This issue is about 55 pages in length. The front page of this issue has a nice masthead of St. John's Gate and contains news &amp; stories from around the world during this very early time in history. VERY INTERESTING READING from the day it was first reported.  This issue is in nice condition due to the use of cotton and rag paper used during this time in history. A nice period item form the 18th century.</description-text>
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    <subheader>1747 Electricity Experiments...</subheader>
    <topics>  gm_plate_note </topics>
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    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-04-30T14:10:55-04:00</updated-at>
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    <created-at type="datetime">2005-06-02T10:03:09-04:00</created-at>
    <created-system-user-id type="integer">7</created-system-user-id>
    <date type="date">1747-08-01</date>
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    <description>&lt;span id="Text"&gt;THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE from London England. This magazine is dated: August, 1747 and is about 55 pages in length. The front page of this issue has a nice masthead of St. John's Gate and contains news &amp;amp; stories from around the world during this very early time in history. VERY INTERESTING READING from the day it was first reported including articles&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span id="Text"&gt;on a Mount Vesuvius Eruption&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span id="Text"&gt;an, early invention for humans to be able to walk on water with illustration, and much more. This issue is in nice condition due to the use of cotton and rag paper used during this time in history. A nice period item from the 18th century. &lt;/span&gt;</description>
    <description-text>THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE from London England. This magazine is dated: August, 1747 and is about 55 pages in length. The front page of this issue has a nice masthead of St. John's Gate and contains news &amp; stories from around the world during this very early time in history. VERY INTERESTING READING from the day it was first reported including articles on a Mount Vesuvius Eruption an, early invention for humans to be able to walk on water with illustration, and much more. This issue is in nice condition due to the use of cotton and rag paper used during this time in history. A nice period item from the 18th century. </description-text>
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    <subheader>Mount Vesuvius Eruption...</subheader>
    <topics>  gm_plate_note </topics>
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    <updated-at type="datetime">2007-12-05T14:41:53-05:00</updated-at>
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    <date type="date">1748-02-01</date>
    <date-range-end type="date" nil="true"></date-range-end>
    <date-range-start type="date" nil="true"></date-range-start>
    <description>THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE from London England. This magazine is dated: February, 1748 and is about 55 pages in length. The front page of this issue has a nice masthead of St. John's Gate and contains news &amp;amp; stories from around the world during this very early time in history. VERY INTERESTING READING from the day it was first reported including articles on an early invention for writing music by playing it and much more. This issue is in nice condition due to the use of cotton and rag paper used during this time in history. A nice period item form the 18th century.</description>
    <description-text>THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE from London England. This magazine is dated: February, 1748 and is about 55 pages in length. The front page of this issue has a nice masthead of St. John's Gate and contains news &amp; stories from around the world during this very early time in history. VERY INTERESTING READING from the day it was first reported including articles on an early invention for writing music by playing it and much more. This issue is in nice condition due to the use of cotton and rag paper used during this time in history. A nice period item form the 18th century.</description-text>
    <folder-id type="integer">1</folder-id>
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    <id type="integer">210764</id>
    <image-range-batch>3.94.2006</image-range-batch>
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    <is-similar type="boolean">false</is-similar>
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    <message type="NilClass">&lt;a href="http://www.rarenewspapers.com/pages/gm_plate_note" onclick="window.open(this.href,'GMNoteConcerningPlatesandorMaps','resizable=no,location=no,menubar=no,scrollbars=no,status=no,toolbar=no,fullscreen=no,dependent=no,status'); return false"&gt;&lt;font color="#ff0000"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Read Note Regarding Potential Plates/Maps Within This Issue!&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;</message>
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    <price-updated-at type="datetime">2007-12-05T14:25:56-05:00</price-updated-at>
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    <state nil="true"></state>
    <subheader> 1748 music writing machine....</subheader>
    <topics>  gm_plate_note </topics>
    <treat-as-catalog-item type="boolean">false</treat-as-catalog-item>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2007-12-05T14:25:56-05:00</updated-at>
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    <contents-reviewed type="boolean">false</contents-reviewed>
    <created-at type="datetime">2005-09-14T12:41:31-04:00</created-at>
    <created-system-user-id type="integer">7</created-system-user-id>
    <date type="date">1750-05-01</date>
    <date-range-end type="date" nil="true"></date-range-end>
    <date-range-start type="date" nil="true"></date-range-start>
    <description>THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE from London England. This magazine is dated: May, 1750 and is about 55 pages in length. The front page of this issue has a nice masthead of St. John's Gate and contains news &amp;amp; stories from around the world during this very early time in history. VERY INTERESTING READING from the day it was first reported including an article on early electricity experiments. This issue is in nice condition due to the use of cotton and rag paper used during this time in history. A nice period item form the 18th century. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;</description>
    <description-text>THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE from London England. This magazine is dated: May, 1750 and is about 55 pages in length. The front page of this issue has a nice masthead of St. John's Gate and contains news &amp; stories from around the world during this very early time in history. VERY INTERESTING READING from the day it was first reported including an article on early electricity experiments. This issue is in nice condition due to the use of cotton and rag paper used during this time in history. A nice period item form the 18th century. 
</description-text>
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    <id type="integer">205626</id>
    <image-range-batch>9.45.2005</image-range-batch>
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    <is-generic type="boolean">true</is-generic>
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    <is-similar type="boolean">false</is-similar>
    <legacy-number nil="true"></legacy-number>
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    <price-updated-at type="datetime">2007-11-09T14:13:50-05:00</price-updated-at>
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    <state nil="true"></state>
    <subheader>Article On Electricity...</subheader>
    <topics>   gm_plate_note </topics>
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    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-02-23T12:34:36-05:00</updated-at>
    <updated-system-user-id type="integer">13</updated-system-user-id>
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    <created-at type="datetime">2008-11-25T13:32:01-05:00</created-at>
    <created-system-user-id type="integer">7</created-system-user-id>
    <date type="date">1754-02-01</date>
    <date-range-end type="date" nil="true"></date-range-end>
    <date-range-start type="date" nil="true"></date-range-start>
    <description>THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE, London, England, February, 1754&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;* A poem to Benjamin Franklin &lt;br /&gt;
* Mention of his lightning rod&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Near the back of the issue is a poem titled: &amp;quot;To Benjamin Franklin, Esq., of Philadelphia, on his Experiments and Discoveries in Electricity&amp;quot; (see photos for full text).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
At the bottom of the poem are two footnotes, one reading:&lt;em&gt; &amp;quot;By the application of a rod of iron, or a wire, the effect of thunder and lightening is prevented.&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt; and the other reading: &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;The steeple and organ of St. Philip's church at Charles Town [Charleston] have been twice damaged by lightning.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Also included with this issue is a foldout plate of a bridge, as well as a full page plate of &amp;quot;Edward Cave&amp;quot;, the founder and publisher of this magazine, who had recently died.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Complete in 44 pages, measures about 5 by 8 inches, very nice condition.</description>
    <description-text>THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE, London, England, February, 1754  

* A poem to Benjamin Franklin 
* Mention of his lightning rod

Near the back of the issue is a poem titled: "To Benjamin Franklin, Esq., of Philadelphia, on his Experiments and Discoveries in Electricity" (see photos for full text).

At the bottom of the poem are two footnotes, one reading: "By the application of a rod of iron, or a wire, the effect of thunder and lightening is prevented." and the other reading: "The steeple and organ of St. Philip's church at Charles Town [Charleston] have been twice damaged by lightning."

Also included with this issue is a foldout plate of a bridge, as well as a full page plate of "Edward Cave", the founder and publisher of this magazine, who had recently died.

Complete in 44 pages, measures about 5 by 8 inches, very nice condition.</description-text>
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    <id type="integer">552880</id>
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    <is-generic type="boolean">false</is-generic>
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    <is-similar type="boolean">false</is-similar>
    <legacy-number nil="true"></legacy-number>
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    <subheader>Poem to Ben Franklin with lightning rod reference...</subheader>
    <topics>  gm_plate_note</topics>
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    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-06-10T10:11:24-04:00</updated-at>
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    <created-at type="datetime">2006-04-26T10:46:35-04:00</created-at>
    <created-system-user-id type="integer">7</created-system-user-id>
    <date type="date">1755-12-01</date>
    <date-range-end type="date" nil="true"></date-range-end>
    <date-range-start type="date" nil="true"></date-range-start>
    <description>THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE from London England. This magazine is dated: December, 1755 and is about 55 pages in length. The front page of this issue has a nice masthead of St. John's Gate and contains news &amp;amp; stories from around the world during this very early time in history. VERY INTERESTING READING from the day it was first reported including an article on the causes of earthquakes, experiments with gunpowder and much more. This issue is in nice condition due to the use of cotton and rag paper used during this time in history. A nice period item form the 18th century.</description>
    <description-text>THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE from London England. This magazine is dated: December, 1755 and is about 55 pages in length. The front page of this issue has a nice masthead of St. John's Gate and contains news &amp; stories from around the world during this very early time in history. VERY INTERESTING READING from the day it was first reported including an article on the causes of earthquakes, experiments with gunpowder and much more. This issue is in nice condition due to the use of cotton and rag paper used during this time in history. A nice period item form the 18th century.</description-text>
    <folder-id type="integer">1</folder-id>
    <header nil="true"></header>
    <id type="integer">211542</id>
    <image-range-batch>4.82.2006</image-range-batch>
    <image-range-end>image025</image-range-end>
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    <is-generic type="boolean">true</is-generic>
    <is-offered-second-rate type="boolean">false</is-offered-second-rate>
    <is-similar type="boolean">false</is-similar>
    <legacy-number nil="true"></legacy-number>
    <message type="NilClass">&lt;a href="http://www.rarenewspapers.com/pages/gm_plate_note" onclick="window.open(this.href,'GMNoteConcerningPlatesandorMaps','resizable=no,location=no,menubar=no,scrollbars=no,status=no,toolbar=no,fullscreen=no,dependent=no,status'); return false"&gt;&lt;font color="#ff0000"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Read Note Regarding Potential Plates/Maps Within This Issue!&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;</message>
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    <price-updated-at type="datetime">2006-04-26T00:00:00-04:00</price-updated-at>
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    <subheader>1755 Pre REVOLUTIONARY WAR Magazine Causes Of Earthquakes....</subheader>
    <topics>  gm_plate_note </topics>
    <treat-as-catalog-item type="boolean">false</treat-as-catalog-item>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2007-12-05T14:20:51-05:00</updated-at>
    <updated-system-user-id type="integer">19</updated-system-user-id>
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  <web-item>
    <city nil="true"></city>
    <comments nil="true"></comments>
    <contents-reviewed type="boolean">false</contents-reviewed>
    <created-at type="datetime">2009-04-28T08:14:22-04:00</created-at>
    <created-system-user-id type="integer">5</created-system-user-id>
    <date type="date">1756-08-01</date>
    <date-range-end type="date" nil="true"></date-range-end>
    <date-range-start type="date" nil="true"></date-range-start>
    <description>&lt;strong&gt;THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE&lt;/strong&gt;, London, August, 1756   &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;* Like Ben Franklin's electrical kite experiments&lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;* Indian nations in America&lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;* The French &amp;amp; Indian War&lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The first two pages are devoted to the &amp;quot;Caribee Islands&amp;quot; [Caribbean] primarily limited to text on Barbadoes (see photos for portions). Further inside the issue is a very detailed 2 1/2 pg. article on: &amp;quot;A Paper Kite Electrifed by a Storm&amp;quot;, by M. de Romas, being an experiment very much like Ben Franklin's a bit earlier. Indeed, a footnote includes:  &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;&amp;quot;M. de Romas has been satisfied...that Mr. Franklin had made trial of a kite some time before in Pennsylvania, the result where is therein described, see vol. xxii, pg. 560, which indeed was far less extraordinaryy than that at Nerac...&amp;quot;&lt;/span&gt; wtih more about the difference between this experiment and Franklin's (see photos).   &lt;br /&gt;
Another full pg. is taken up with:  &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;&amp;quot;...the following table of names of numbers of several Indian nations...&amp;quot;&lt;/span&gt; (see photos).   &lt;br /&gt;
Near the back are a few items concerning the French &amp;amp; Indian War. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Complete in 48 pages, full title/index page, measures about 5 by 8 inches, in good condition.   Please note that the Map of the Caribbee Islands is NOT included in this issue.</description>
    <description-text>THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE, London, August, 1756   

* Like Ben Franklin's electrical kite experiments 
* Indian nations in America 
* The French &amp; Indian War 

The first two pages are devoted to the "Caribee Islands" [Caribbean] primarily limited to text on Barbadoes (see photos for portions). Further inside the issue is a very detailed 2 1/2 pg. article on: "A Paper Kite Electrifed by a Storm", by M. de Romas, being an experiment very much like Ben Franklin's a bit earlier. Indeed, a footnote includes:  "M. de Romas has been satisfied...that Mr. Franklin had made trial of a kite some time before in Pennsylvania, the result where is therein described, see vol. xxii, pg. 560, which indeed was far less extraordinaryy than that at Nerac..." wtih more about the difference between this experiment and Franklin's (see photos).   
Another full pg. is taken up with:  "...the following table of names of numbers of several Indian nations..." (see photos).   
Near the back are a few items concerning the French &amp; Indian War. 

Complete in 48 pages, full title/index page, measures about 5 by 8 inches, in good condition.   Please note that the Map of the Caribbee Islands is NOT included in this issue.</description-text>
    <folder-id type="integer">1</folder-id>
    <header nil="true"></header>
    <id type="integer">557873</id>
    <image-range-batch>5.31.2007</image-range-batch>
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    <price type="decimal">65.0</price>
    <price-updated-at type="datetime">2009-04-28T08:14:22-04:00</price-updated-at>
    <quantity type="integer">0</quantity>
    <state nil="true"></state>
    <subheader>Much like Ben Franklin's kite experiment...</subheader>
    <topics> gm_plate_note</topics>
    <treat-as-catalog-item type="boolean">false</treat-as-catalog-item>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-11-05T14:41:59-05:00</updated-at>
    <updated-system-user-id type="integer">13</updated-system-user-id>
  </web-item>
  <web-item>
    <city nil="true"></city>
    <comments nil="true"></comments>
    <contents-reviewed type="boolean">false</contents-reviewed>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-11-13T15:40:24-05:00</created-at>
    <created-system-user-id type="integer">3</created-system-user-id>
    <date type="date">1761-10-01</date>
    <date-range-end type="date" nil="true"></date-range-end>
    <date-range-start type="date" nil="true"></date-range-start>
    <description>&lt;strong&gt;THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE&lt;/strong&gt;, London, October, 1761&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;* Pre-Revolutionary War magazine from England&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A very nice pre-Revolutionary War magazine from the &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;mother country&lt;/em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; with a wide range of varied content including news of the day, political reports, literary items, and other unusual tidbits. This was the first periodical to use the word &amp;quot;magazine&amp;quot; in its title, having begun in 1731 and lasting until 1907.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Among the articles noted in the table of contents are: &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;Account of the hot baths at Vinadio&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Specimen of the Labours of a Rare kind of Bees&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Farther Experiments in Electricity&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Artful Evasions of France&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Separate Treaty with the Duth hastily Concluded&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Particular Account of the Resignation of Mr. Pitt&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Dependance of the French on the Continuance of the War&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt; &amp;amp; more. The entire bkpg. is taken up with a chart headed:&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;Each Day's Price of Stocks in October, 1761&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Complete in 46 pgs. with full title/index page. There are no plates present. Measures about 5 by 8 inches and is in very nice condition.</description>
    <description-text>THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE, London, October, 1761

* Pre-Revolutionary War magazine from England

A very nice pre-Revolutionary War magazine from the "mother country" with a wide range of varied content including news of the day, political reports, literary items, and other unusual tidbits. This was the first periodical to use the word "magazine" in its title, having begun in 1731 and lasting until 1907.  

Among the articles noted in the table of contents are: "Account of the hot baths at Vinadio" "Specimen of the Labours of a Rare kind of Bees" "Farther Experiments in Electricity" "Artful Evasions of France" "Separate Treaty with the Duth hastily Concluded" "Particular Account of the Resignation of Mr. Pitt" "Dependance of the French on the Continuance of the War" &amp; more. The entire bkpg. is taken up with a chart headed: "Each Day's Price of Stocks in October, 1761".

Complete in 46 pgs. with full title/index page. There are no plates present. Measures about 5 by 8 inches and is in very nice condition.</description-text>
    <folder-id type="integer">1</folder-id>
    <header nil="true"></header>
    <id type="integer">539862</id>
    <image-range-batch>11.32.2007</image-range-batch>
    <image-range-end>image071</image-range-end>
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    <date type="date">1763-02-01</date>
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    <description>THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE from London England. This magazine is dated: February, 1763 and is about 55 pages in length. The front page of this issue has a nice masthead of St. John's Gate and contains news &amp;amp; stories from around the world during this very early time in history. VERY INTERESTING READING from the day it was first reported including articles on the invention of outside lamp for lighting towns which includes a related print and much more. This issue is in nice condition due to the use of cotton and rag paper used during this time in history. A nice period item form the 18th century.</description>
    <description-text>THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE from London England. This magazine is dated: February, 1763 and is about 55 pages in length. The front page of this issue has a nice masthead of St. John's Gate and contains news &amp; stories from around the world during this very early time in history. VERY INTERESTING READING from the day it was first reported including articles on the invention of outside lamp for lighting towns which includes a related print and much more. This issue is in nice condition due to the use of cotton and rag paper used during this time in history. A nice period item form the 18th century.</description-text>
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    <subheader>1763 Pre REVOLUTIONARY WAR Magazine Early Lamps ....</subheader>
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    <date type="date">1781-10-01</date>
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    <description>THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE, London,October, 1781. Interesting in that this issue contains a foldout plate of: &amp;quot;American Stoves on the Improved Construction&amp;quot; with a related article headed: &amp;quot;Description of the Pennsylvanian Fire-Places&amp;quot; telling of the invention of &amp;quot;Dr. Franklin...&amp;quot;. A brief item mentioning the capture of a Spanish ship with British prisoners from Pensacola. Another short report concerning affairs in West Florida. Report of the death of the Rev. John Wesley's wife.&amp;nbsp; Perhaps the greatest feature of this issue is the fold-out plate of the Franklin Stove.</description>
    <description-text>THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE, London,October, 1781. Interesting in that this issue contains a foldout plate of: "American Stoves on the Improved Construction" with a related article headed: "Description of the Pennsylvanian Fire-Places" telling of the invention of "Dr. Franklin...". A brief item mentioning the capture of a Spanish ship with British prisoners from Pensacola. Another short report concerning affairs in West Florida. Report of the death of the Rev. John Wesley's wife.  Perhaps the greatest feature of this issue is the fold-out plate of the Franklin Stove.</description-text>
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    <header>Franklin Stove Plate...</header>
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    <subheader>REVOLUTIONARY WAR 1781 Magazine BEN FRANKLIN Stoves...</subheader>
    <topics>    gm_plate_note </topics>
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    <date type="date">1784-06-01</date>
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    <description>&lt;div&gt;&lt;strong&gt;THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE&lt;/strong&gt;, London, June, 1784&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;* Early Ballooning experiments &lt;br /&gt;
* 18th century reporting&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Inside contains a full page article with heading: &amp;quot;Success of a Journey by Way of Experiment in a Balloon&amp;quot; which happened at France (see photo), and this is followed by another article which begins: &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;&amp;quot;No sooner was the extraordinary discovery of M. Montgolfier known here about a month ago than a similar experiment was attempted...&amp;quot;&lt;/span&gt; with details (see photos). Complete in 76 pgs., measures about 5 by 8 inches with full title/index pg., includes the two plates called for. Nice condition.&lt;/div&gt;</description>
    <description-text>THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE, London, June, 1784

* Early Ballooning experiments 
* 18th century reporting  

Inside contains a full page article with heading: "Success of a Journey by Way of Experiment in a Balloon" which happened at France (see photo), and this is followed by another article which begins: "No sooner was the extraordinary discovery of M. Montgolfier known here about a month ago than a similar experiment was attempted..." with details (see photos). Complete in 76 pgs., measures about 5 by 8 inches with full title/index pg., includes the two plates called for. Nice condition.</description-text>
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    <subheader>Early ballooning...</subheader>
    <topics>sup154b  gm_plate_note</topics>
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    <date type="date">1791-11-23</date>
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    <description>&lt;strong&gt;THE WORLD&lt;/strong&gt;,&amp;nbsp; London, England, dated November 23, 1791.&amp;nbsp; Page three, column four of this issue features an article concerning a boxing match between Ward and Mendoza, which reads in part:&amp;nbsp; &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;The long depending match between WARD and MENDOZA, is expected to be determined early in January next, in Norfolk.&amp;nbsp; The Jew has been some time in Norwich, and is in full health...&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;Page two contains an article that is directed to Dr. Priestley and his views on Church and State (see photo).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This issue is in good condition; although, several minor edge tears can be found, none of which effect the content. This is complete in four-pages.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt; Background Information:&amp;nbsp; &lt;/strong&gt;Daniel Mendoza (5 July 1764 &amp;ndash; 3 September 1836) (often known as Dan Mendoza) was an English prizefighter, who was boxing champion of England 1792-95. He is sometimes called the father of scientific boxing.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Mendoza's style consisted of more than simply battering opponents into submission, his &amp;quot;scientific style&amp;quot; included much movement. His ability to overcome much heavier adversaries was a consequence of this. In 1789 he published The Art of Boxing.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Mendoza was so popular that the London press reported news of one of his bouts ahead of the storming of the Bastille which marked the start of the French Revolution. He transformed the English stereotype of a Jew from a weak, indefensible person into someone deserving of respect. He is said to have been the first Jew to talk to the King, George III.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
His early boxing career was defined by three bouts with his former mentor Richard Humphries between 1788 and 1790. The first of these was lost due to Humphries&amp;rsquo;s second (the former Champion, Tom Johnson) blocking a blow. The second two bouts were won by Mendoza. The third bout was the first time spectators were charged an entry payment to a sporting event. The fights were hyped by a series of combative letters in the press between Humphries and Mendoza.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1795 Mendoza fought &amp;quot;Gentleman&amp;quot; John Jackson for the Championship at Hornchurch in Essex. Jackson was five years younger, 4 inches taller, and 42 lbs. heavier. The bigger man won in nine rounds, paving the way to victory by seizing Mendoza by his long hair and holding him with one hand while he pounded his head with the other. Mendoza was pummelled into submission in around ten minutes. Since this date boxers have worn their hair short.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Mendoza made and spent a fortune. His Memoirs (written in 1808 but not published until 1816) report that he tried a number of ventures, including touring the British Isles giving boxing demonstrations; appeared in a pantomime entitled Robinson Crusoe or Friday Turned Boxer; opening a boxing academy at the Lyceum in the Strand; working as a recruiting sergeant for the army; printing his own paper money; and being a pub landlord.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Mendoza made his last public appearance as a boxer in 1820 at Banstead Downs in a grudge match against Tom Owen; he was defeated after 12 rounds.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Intelligent, charismatic but chaotic, he died leaving his family in poverty. source: wikipedia</description>
    <description-text>THE WORLD,  London, England, dated November 23, 1791.  Page three, column four of this issue features an article concerning a boxing match between Ward and Mendoza, which reads in part:  "The long depending match between WARD and MENDOZA, is expected to be determined early in January next, in Norfolk.  The Jew has been some time in Norwich, and is in full health..."

Page two contains an article that is directed to Dr. Priestley and his views on Church and State (see photo).

This issue is in good condition; although, several minor edge tears can be found, none of which effect the content. This is complete in four-pages.

 Background Information:  Daniel Mendoza (5 July 1764 &amp;ndash; 3 September 1836) (often known as Dan Mendoza) was an English prizefighter, who was boxing champion of England 1792-95. He is sometimes called the father of scientific boxing.

Mendoza's style consisted of more than simply battering opponents into submission, his "scientific style" included much movement. His ability to overcome much heavier adversaries was a consequence of this. In 1789 he published The Art of Boxing.

Mendoza was so popular that the London press reported news of one of his bouts ahead of the storming of the Bastille which marked the start of the French Revolution. He transformed the English stereotype of a Jew from a weak, indefensible person into someone deserving of respect. He is said to have been the first Jew to talk to the King, George III.

His early boxing career was defined by three bouts with his former mentor Richard Humphries between 1788 and 1790. The first of these was lost due to Humphries&amp;rsquo;s second (the former Champion, Tom Johnson) blocking a blow. The second two bouts were won by Mendoza. The third bout was the first time spectators were charged an entry payment to a sporting event. The fights were hyped by a series of combative letters in the press between Humphries and Mendoza.

In 1795 Mendoza fought "Gentleman" John Jackson for the Championship at Hornchurch in Essex. Jackson was five years younger, 4 inches taller, and 42 lbs. heavier. The bigger man won in nine rounds, paving the way to victory by seizing Mendoza by his long hair and holding him with one hand while he pounded his head with the other. Mendoza was pummelled into submission in around ten minutes. Since this date boxers have worn their hair short.

Mendoza made and spent a fortune. His Memoirs (written in 1808 but not published until 1816) report that he tried a number of ventures, including touring the British Isles giving boxing demonstrations; appeared in a pantomime entitled Robinson Crusoe or Friday Turned Boxer; opening a boxing academy at the Lyceum in the Strand; working as a recruiting sergeant for the army; printing his own paper money; and being a pub landlord.

Mendoza made his last public appearance as a boxer in 1820 at Banstead Downs in a grudge match against Tom Owen; he was defeated after 12 rounds.

Intelligent, charismatic but chaotic, he died leaving his family in poverty. source: wikipedia</description-text>
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    <subheader>Dan Mendoza... Dr. Priestly...</subheader>
    <topics>rintern08 boxing Judaica</topics>
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    <description>&lt;strong&gt;THE WORLD,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt; London, England, dated January 9 , 1792.&amp;nbsp; Page two, column four of this issue features an article concerning the Jewish ownership of the Drury-Lane Theater, which reads in part:&amp;nbsp; &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;The Jews have already got hold of the Drury-Lane shares, and they give two reasons for it - they hold it to be a good thing and they understand it to come upon Sheridan.&amp;nbsp; They have already sold at a premium of 20l.&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This issue is in good condition, although some slight foxing and edge wear can be found throughout and is complete in four-pages.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Background Information:&lt;/strong&gt; The Theatre Royal, Drury Lane is a West End theatre in Covent Garden, in the City of Westminster, a borough of London. The building faces Catherine Street (earlier named Bridges or Brydges Street) and backs onto Drury Lane. The building standing today is the most recent in a line of four theatres at the same location dating back to 1663, making it the oldest London theatre. For its first two centuries, Drury Lane could &amp;quot;reasonably have claimed to be London's leading theatre&amp;quot; and thus one of the most important theatres in the English-speaking world. Through most of that time, it was one of a small handful of patent theatres that were granted monopoly rights to the production of &amp;quot;legitimate&amp;quot; (meaning spoken plays, rather than opera, dance, concerts, or plays with music) drama in London.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The first theatre on the location was built at the behest of Thomas Killigrew in the early years of the English Restoration. Actors appearing at this &amp;quot;Theatre Royal in Bridges Street&amp;quot; included Nell Gwyn and Charles Hart. It was destroyed by fire in 1672. Killigrew built a larger theatre in the same spot, designed by Christopher Wren; renamed the &amp;quot;Theatre Royal in Drury Lane,&amp;quot; it opened in 1674. This building lasted nearly 120 years, under leadership including Colley Cibber, David Garrick, and Richard Brinsley Sheridan. In 1791, under Sheridan's management, the building was demolished to make way for a larger theatre which opened in 1794. This enormous new Drury Lane survived just 15 years, burning down in 1809. The building that stands today opened in 1812. It has been home to actors as diverse as Shakespearean Edmund Kean, comedian Dan Leno, comedy troupe Monty Python (who recorded a concert album there), and musical composer and performer Ivor Novello. Today, the theatre is owned by composer Andrew Lloyd Webber and generally stages popular musical theatre. It is a Grade I listed building.</description>
    <description-text>THE WORLD,  London, England, dated January 9 , 1792.  Page two, column four of this issue features an article concerning the Jewish ownership of the Drury-Lane Theater, which reads in part:  "The Jews have already got hold of the Drury-Lane shares, and they give two reasons for it - they hold it to be a good thing and they understand it to come upon Sheridan.  They have already sold at a premium of 20l."

This issue is in good condition, although some slight foxing and edge wear can be found throughout and is complete in four-pages.

Background Information: The Theatre Royal, Drury Lane is a West End theatre in Covent Garden, in the City of Westminster, a borough of London. The building faces Catherine Street (earlier named Bridges or Brydges Street) and backs onto Drury Lane. The building standing today is the most recent in a line of four theatres at the same location dating back to 1663, making it the oldest London theatre. For its first two centuries, Drury Lane could "reasonably have claimed to be London's leading theatre" and thus one of the most important theatres in the English-speaking world. Through most of that time, it was one of a small handful of patent theatres that were granted monopoly rights to the production of "legitimate" (meaning spoken plays, rather than opera, dance, concerts, or plays with music) drama in London.

The first theatre on the location was built at the behest of Thomas Killigrew in the early years of the English Restoration. Actors appearing at this "Theatre Royal in Bridges Street" included Nell Gwyn and Charles Hart. It was destroyed by fire in 1672. Killigrew built a larger theatre in the same spot, designed by Christopher Wren; renamed the "Theatre Royal in Drury Lane," it opened in 1674. This building lasted nearly 120 years, under leadership including Colley Cibber, David Garrick, and Richard Brinsley Sheridan. In 1791, under Sheridan's management, the building was demolished to make way for a larger theatre which opened in 1794. This enormous new Drury Lane survived just 15 years, burning down in 1809. The building that stands today opened in 1812. It has been home to actors as diverse as Shakespearean Edmund Kean, comedian Dan Leno, comedy troupe Monty Python (who recorded a concert album there), and musical composer and performer Ivor Novello. Today, the theatre is owned by composer Andrew Lloyd Webber and generally stages popular musical theatre. It is a Grade I listed building.</description-text>
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    <price type="decimal">47.0</price>
    <price-updated-at type="datetime">2008-03-28T10:13:38-04:00</price-updated-at>
    <quantity type="integer" nil="true"></quantity>
    <state nil="true"></state>
    <subheader>Drury-Lane Theatre...</subheader>
    <topics>rintern08  Judaica</topics>
    <treat-as-catalog-item type="boolean">false</treat-as-catalog-item>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-10-06T13:37:57-04:00</updated-at>
    <updated-system-user-id type="integer">5</updated-system-user-id>
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  <web-item>
    <city nil="true"></city>
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    <created-at type="datetime">2009-04-15T09:22:42-04:00</created-at>
    <created-system-user-id type="integer">7</created-system-user-id>
    <date type="date">1797-12-21</date>
    <date-range-end type="date" nil="true"></date-range-end>
    <date-range-start type="date" nil="true"></date-range-start>
    <description>CONNECTICUT JOURNAL, New Haven, Connecticut, December 21, 1797&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;* Very early fire engine invented&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
* Firefighting&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
* Peter Getz&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The front page has a report from &amp;quot;Lancaster (Pa.)&amp;quot; headed: &amp;quot;Fire Engine&amp;quot;. The report begins: &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;The ingenious Peter Getz of this Borough has compleated an engine for the Active Fire Company. This is the second that he has made...&amp;quot;, and more about the quality and workmanship stating: &amp;quot;...it is equal, if not superior to any...of the kind in Europe and America.&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Also some details about the improvements, plus mention that &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;...the Active Engine contains 200 gallons and will empty...in one minute, throwing the ater...hieght of 90 to 100 feet...&amp;quot; &lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Note: An internet source says that Getz claimed to have invented the first fire engine in America.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Other news of the day. First leaf has two small holes, some foxing, otherwise good. 4 pages.</description>
    <description-text>CONNECTICUT JOURNAL, New Haven, Connecticut, December 21, 1797  

* Very early fire engine invented  
* Firefighting  
* Peter Getz  

The front page has a report from "Lancaster (Pa.)" headed: "Fire Engine". The report begins: "The ingenious Peter Getz of this Borough has compleated an engine for the Active Fire Company. This is the second that he has made...", and more about the quality and workmanship stating: "...it is equal, if not superior to any...of the kind in Europe and America.".

Also some details about the improvements, plus mention that "...the Active Engine contains 200 gallons and will empty...in one minute, throwing the ater...hieght of 90 to 100 feet..." 

Note: An internet source says that Getz claimed to have invented the first fire engine in America.

Other news of the day. First leaf has two small holes, some foxing, otherwise good. 4 pages.</description-text>
    <folder-id type="integer">4</folder-id>
    <header nil="true"></header>
    <id type="integer">557497</id>
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    <subheader>Built by the inventor of first American fire engine?  </subheader>
    <topics nil="true"></topics>
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    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-09-02T12:32:45-04:00</updated-at>
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    <created-at type="datetime">2008-11-06T09:09:14-05:00</created-at>
    <created-system-user-id type="integer">7</created-system-user-id>
    <date type="date">1802-06-18</date>
    <date-range-end type="date" nil="true"></date-range-end>
    <date-range-start type="date" nil="true"></date-range-start>
    <description>MERCURY &amp;amp; NEW-ENGLAND PALLADIUM, Boston, Massachusetts, June 18, 1802&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;* Early musical instrument invention...&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
* Early 19th century original reading...&amp;nbsp; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On the front page under &amp;quot;New Inventions&amp;quot; is a report reading: &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;...Mr. John L. Hawkins, has just completed a Musical Instrument on a construction entirely new; he calls it a CLAVIOL, from Clavis, a key and Viol....&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Plus, there are details about how the music is produced as well as the sound that is produced. Note:  A source says that Thomas Jefferson once purchased a piano from Hawkins. Hawkins had also promised a claviol to Jefferson, but Jefferson never received one.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Other news of the day with many advertisements.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4 pages with lite foxing, otherwise in good condition.</description>
    <description-text>MERCURY &amp; NEW-ENGLAND PALLADIUM, Boston, Massachusetts, June 18, 1802  

* Early musical instrument invention...  
* Early 19th century original reading...  

On the front page under "New Inventions" is a report reading: "...Mr. John L. Hawkins, has just completed a Musical Instrument on a construction entirely new; he calls it a CLAVIOL, from Clavis, a key and Viol...."

Plus, there are details about how the music is produced as well as the sound that is produced. Note:  A source says that Thomas Jefferson once purchased a piano from Hawkins. Hawkins had also promised a claviol to Jefferson, but Jefferson never received one.

Other news of the day with many advertisements.

4 pages with lite foxing, otherwise in good condition.</description-text>
    <folder-id type="integer">6</folder-id>
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    <id type="integer">552392</id>
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    <state nil="true"></state>
    <subheader>A new invention called the "claviol"...  </subheader>
    <topics nil="true"></topics>
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    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-03-04T13:42:36-05:00</updated-at>
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    <date type="date">1804-01-01</date>
    <date-range-end type="date" nil="true"></date-range-end>
    <date-range-start type="date" nil="true"></date-range-start>
    <description>NEW-YORK EVENING POST, 1804 The bkpg. has an ad for: &amp;quot;Patent Cast Iron Kitchen Furniture Warehouse.&amp;quot; Includes details about the business and small woodcuts of six types of cast iron cookware. Some ftpg. wear, traces of foxing, otherwise good.</description>
    <description-text>NEW-YORK EVENING POST, 1804 The bkpg. has an ad for: "Patent Cast Iron Kitchen Furniture Warehouse." Includes details about the business and small woodcuts of six types of cast iron cookware. Some ftpg. wear, traces of foxing, otherwise good.</description-text>
    <folder-id type="integer">5</folder-id>
    <header nil="true"></header>
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    <price type="decimal">15.0</price>
    <price-updated-at type="datetime">2006-06-27T11:19:25-04:00</price-updated-at>
    <quantity type="integer">0</quantity>
    <state nil="true"></state>
    <subheader>Cast Iron Kitchen Furniture...</subheader>
    <topics>  </topics>
    <treat-as-catalog-item type="boolean">false</treat-as-catalog-item>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-03-31T12:46:29-04:00</updated-at>
    <updated-system-user-id type="integer">5</updated-system-user-id>
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  <web-item>
    <city nil="true"></city>
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    <created-at type="datetime">2007-10-11T13:53:15-04:00</created-at>
    <created-system-user-id type="integer">15</created-system-user-id>
    <date type="date">1804-09-20</date>
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    <description>&lt;p&gt;BOSTON GAZETTE, Boston, Massachusetts, September 20, 1804&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;* Charles Byrne...&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
* O'Brien 'The Irish Giant'...&amp;nbsp; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Listed among the page 2 Deaths is one reading: &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;In Ireland, OBrien, the famous Irish Giant, he gave permission for his skeleton to be prepared for the College Museum, Dublin. One source states that this was Patrick Cotter OBrien, said to be 8 feet 4 inches.&amp;quot; &lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Other news of the day with many advertisements. Occasional foxing, otherwise in nice condition.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;source: wikipedia:&lt;/strong&gt; Charles Byrne (1761 &amp;ndash; 1783) also known as Charles O'Brien or &amp;quot;The Irish Giant&amp;quot;, was a human curiosity or freak in London in the 1780s.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;His exact height is of some conjecture, but most accounts refer to him as from 8'-2&amp;quot; to 8'-4&amp;quot; tall. At the age of 21 he left his home in Ireland and traveled to London to seek his fortune. He found work at Cox's Museum, an establishment not unlike P. T. Barnum's American Museum. He moved in next door in an elegant apartment at the cane-shop, in Spring Garden-gate.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;He soon became the toast of the town, a May 6, 1782, newspaper report bears out: &amp;quot;However striking a curiosity may be, there is generally some difficulty in engaging the attention of the public; but even this was not the case with the modern living Colossus, or wonderful Irish Giant&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Fame and wealth soon overtook him, and he took to drinking excessively. According to newspaper reports he was out drinking when his pocket was picked of his 700 pound life savings. Inconsolable, he tried to drown his sorrows in drink and died June, 1783, in his apartment on Cockspurstreet, Charing Cross, at the age of twenty-two.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;It was rumored that he was so afraid that Doctors would dissect his corpse that on his deathbed he requested to be buried at sea. Against his wishes, Byrne's corpse was purchased by John Hunter for five hundred pounds, and his 7'-7&amp;quot; skeleton now resides in the Hunterian Museum at the Royal College of Surgeons in London.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Author Hilary Mantel wrote a fictionalized novel of his life in THE GIANT, O'BRIEN. The plot of the novel focused between the battle between the revolution of science and the ways of poem and song. O'Brien (Byrne) was portrayed as a man whose faith was in tales of kings and the little people, while his polar opposite John Hunter portrayed the dawn of the scientific age, destroying all that is old and cherished. In a sense of irony, this novel mirrors the history of mankind as technology seems to replace humanity.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The book also mentions that O'Brien (Byrne) was related to another Irish giant in Patrick Cotter O'Brien of Cork, Ireland. Patrick Cotter O'Brien also exhibited himself in Ireland shortly after the death of Charles, stating that he was 8'7&amp;quot; in height. An exhumation of his bones in 1972 shown that his true height was a still remarkable 8'1&amp;quot;, though if skin and muscles were on the frame it is quite possible that he much taller than that.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The book also mentions a sort of kinship with two other Irish giants known simply as 'The Brothers Knipe' who both stood 7'2&amp;quot; each. They are/were recognized by the Guinness Book of World Records as the tallest identical twins in history.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
    <description-text>BOSTON GAZETTE, Boston, Massachusetts, September 20, 1804  
 
* Charles Byrne...  
* O'Brien 'The Irish Giant'...  

Listed among the page 2 Deaths is one reading: "In Ireland, OBrien, the famous Irish Giant, he gave permission for his skeleton to be prepared for the College Museum, Dublin. One source states that this was Patrick Cotter OBrien, said to be 8 feet 4 inches." 

Other news of the day with many advertisements. Occasional foxing, otherwise in nice condition.

source: wikipedia: Charles Byrne (1761 &amp;ndash; 1783) also known as Charles O'Brien or "The Irish Giant", was a human curiosity or freak in London in the 1780s.
His exact height is of some conjecture, but most accounts refer to him as from 8'-2" to 8'-4" tall. At the age of 21 he left his home in Ireland and traveled to London to seek his fortune. He found work at Cox's Museum, an establishment not unlike P. T. Barnum's American Museum. He moved in next door in an elegant apartment at the cane-shop, in Spring Garden-gate.
He soon became the toast of the town, a May 6, 1782, newspaper report bears out: "However striking a curiosity may be, there is generally some difficulty in engaging the attention of the public; but even this was not the case with the modern living Colossus, or wonderful Irish Giant"
Fame and wealth soon overtook him, and he took to drinking excessively. According to newspaper reports he was out drinking when his pocket was picked of his 700 pound life savings. Inconsolable, he tried to drown his sorrows in drink and died June, 1783, in his apartment on Cockspurstreet, Charing Cross, at the age of twenty-two.
It was rumored that he was so afraid that Doctors would dissect his corpse that on his deathbed he requested to be buried at sea. Against his wishes, Byrne's corpse was purchased by John Hunter for five hundred pounds, and his 7'-7" skeleton now resides in the Hunterian Museum at the Royal College of Surgeons in London.
Author Hilary Mantel wrote a fictionalized novel of his life in THE GIANT, O'BRIEN. The plot of the novel focused between the battle between the revolution of science and the ways of poem and song. O'Brien (Byrne) was portrayed as a man whose faith was in tales of kings and the little people, while his polar opposite John Hunter portrayed the dawn of the scientific age, destroying all that is old and cherished. In a sense of irony, this novel mirrors the history of mankind as technology seems to replace humanity.
The book also mentions that O'Brien (Byrne) was related to another Irish giant in Patrick Cotter O'Brien of Cork, Ireland. Patrick Cotter O'Brien also exhibited himself in Ireland shortly after the death of Charles, stating that he was 8'7" in height. An exhumation of his bones in 1972 shown that his true height was a still remarkable 8'1", though if skin and muscles were on the frame it is quite possible that he much taller than that.
The book also mentions a sort of kinship with two other Irish giants known simply as 'The Brothers Knipe' who both stood 7'2" each. They are/were recognized by the Guinness Book of World Records as the tallest identical twins in history.</description-text>
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    <legacy-number nil="true"></legacy-number>
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    <newspaper-title-id type="integer" nil="true"></newspaper-title-id>
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    <price type="decimal">23.0</price>
    <price-updated-at type="datetime">2007-10-11T13:53:15-04:00</price-updated-at>
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    <state nil="true"></state>
    <subheader>Charles Byrne...  </subheader>
    <topics nil="true"></topics>
    <treat-as-catalog-item type="boolean">false</treat-as-catalog-item>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-02-26T13:49:37-05:00</updated-at>
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  <web-item>
    <city nil="true"></city>
    <comments nil="true"></comments>
    <contents-reviewed type="boolean">false</contents-reviewed>
    <created-at type="datetime">2006-10-04T14:22:23-04:00</created-at>
    <created-system-user-id type="integer">7</created-system-user-id>
    <date type="date">1807-07-23</date>
    <date-range-end type="date" nil="true"></date-range-end>
    <date-range-start type="date" nil="true"></date-range-start>
    <description>&lt;div&gt;&lt;strong&gt;INDEPENDENT CHRONICLE&lt;/strong&gt;, Boston, July 23, 1807.  &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;* Robert Fulton Invention&lt;br /&gt;
* Blowing Up Ships&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Page 2 has a report from New-York stating that the Governor, Sec. of War and others &amp;quot;...&lt;em&gt;attended at Ft. Jay, when Mr. Fulton exhibited and explained the principles of his machinery for blowing up ships&lt;/em&gt;...&amp;quot; plus a few details about the experiment to be conducted the next day. Other news of the day includes two Thomas Jefferson acts on the front page and more. Some interesting advertisements as well. Lite staining in the upper margin, some lite foxing.&lt;/div&gt;</description>
    <description-text>INDEPENDENT CHRONICLE, Boston, July 23, 1807.  
   
* Robert Fulton Invention
* Blowing Up Ships

Page 2 has a report from New-York stating that the Governor, Sec. of War and others "...attended at Ft. Jay, when Mr. Fulton exhibited and explained the principles of his machinery for blowing up ships..." plus a few details about the experiment to be conducted the next day. Other news of the day includes two Thomas Jefferson acts on the front page and more. Some interesting advertisements as well. Lite staining in the upper margin, some lite foxing.</description-text>
    <folder-id type="integer">5</folder-id>
    <header nil="true"></header>
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    <price type="decimal">32.0</price>
    <price-updated-at type="datetime">2006-10-31T17:32:48-05:00</price-updated-at>
    <quantity type="integer">1</quantity>
    <state nil="true"></state>
    <subheader>Robert Fulton 1807 Invention....</subheader>
    <topics> </topics>
    <treat-as-catalog-item type="boolean">false</treat-as-catalog-item>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2008-04-14T13:58:07-04:00</updated-at>
    <updated-system-user-id type="integer">17</updated-system-user-id>
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    <city nil="true"></city>
    <comments nil="true"></comments>
    <contents-reviewed type="boolean">false</contents-reviewed>
    <created-at type="datetime">2009-03-27T06:15:42-04:00</created-at>
    <created-system-user-id type="integer">7</created-system-user-id>
    <date type="date">1809-06-16</date>
    <date-range-end type="date" nil="true"></date-range-end>
    <date-range-start type="date" nil="true"></date-range-start>
    <description>NEW-YORK HERALD,&amp;nbsp; New York, NY, June 16, 1809&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* Thomas Paine death&lt;br /&gt;
* Early 19th century original&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Page 2 has an obituary: &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;Died, on ...the 8th inst....THOMAS PAINE, author of the Crisis, Rights of Man, &amp;amp;c...&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt; plus mention of his desire to be buried in a Quaker cemetery but was denied due to his &amp;quot;deistical opinions&amp;quot; &amp;amp; a bit more. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Other news of the day with a few ads throughout. Has a 1 by 2 1/2 inch piece clipped from the upper left corner affecting each leaf, some foxing, a bit in this content, otherwise good. 4 pages.	&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
wikipedia notes:&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Thomas Paine (January 29, 1737 &amp;ndash; June 8, 1809) was a British pamphleteer, revolutionary, radical, inventor, and intellectual. He lived and worked in Britain until age 37, when he emigrated to the British American colonies, in time to participate in the American Revolution. His principal contribution was the powerful, widely-read pamphlet Common Sense (1776), advocating colonial America's independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain, and The American Crisis (1776&amp;ndash;1783), a pro-revolutionary pamphlet series.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Later, he greatly influenced the French Revolution. He wrote the Rights of Man (1791), a guide to Enlightenment ideas. Despite not speaking French, he was elected to the French National Convention in 1792. The Girondists regarded him as an ally, so, the Montagnards, especially Robespierre, regarded him as an enemy. In December of 1793, he was arrested and imprisoned in Paris, then released in 1794. He became notorious because of The Age of Reason (1793&amp;ndash;94), the book advocating deism and arguing against Christian doctrines. In France, he also wrote the pamphlet Agrarian Justice (1795), discussing the origins of property, and introduced the concept of a guaranteed minimum income.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
He remained in France during the early Napoleonic era, but condemned Napoleon's dictatorship, calling him &amp;quot;the completest charlatan that ever existed&amp;quot;.[1] In 1802, at President Thomas Jefferson's invitation, he returned to America.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Thomas Paine died, at the age of 72, at 59 Grove Street, Greenwich Village, New York City, on June 8, 1809. He was buried at what is now called the Thomas Paine Cottage in New Rochelle, New York, where he had lived after returning to America in 1802. His remains were later disinterred by an admirer, William Cobbett, who sought to return them to England. The bones were, however, later lost and his final resting place today is unknown.&lt;/em&gt;</description>
    <description-text>NEW-YORK HERALD,  New York, NY, June 16, 1809

* Thomas Paine death
* Early 19th century original

Page 2 has an obituary: "Died, on ...the 8th inst....THOMAS PAINE, author of the Crisis, Rights of Man, &amp;c..." plus mention of his desire to be buried in a Quaker cemetery but was denied due to his "deistical opinions" &amp; a bit more. 

Other news of the day with a few ads throughout. Has a 1 by 2 1/2 inch piece clipped from the upper left corner affecting each leaf, some foxing, a bit in this content, otherwise good. 4 pages.	

wikipedia notes: Thomas Paine (January 29, 1737 &amp;ndash; June 8, 1809) was a British pamphleteer, revolutionary, radical, inventor, and intellectual. He lived and worked in Britain until age 37, when he emigrated to the British American colonies, in time to participate in the American Revolution. His principal contribution was the powerful, widely-read pamphlet Common Sense (1776), advocating colonial America's independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain, and The American Crisis (1776&amp;ndash;1783), a pro-revolutionary pamphlet series.

Later, he greatly influenced the French Revolution. He wrote the Rights of Man (1791), a guide to Enlightenment ideas. Despite not speaking French, he was elected to the French National Convention in 1792. The Girondists regarded him as an ally, so, the Montagnards, especially Robespierre, regarded him as an enemy. In December of 1793, he was arrested and imprisoned in Paris, then released in 1794. He became notorious because of The Age of Reason (1793&amp;ndash;94), the book advocating deism and arguing against Christian doctrines. In France, he also wrote the pamphlet Agrarian Justice (1795), discussing the origins of property, and introduced the concept of a guaranteed minimum income.

He remained in France during the early Napoleonic era, but condemned Napoleon's dictatorship, calling him "the completest charlatan that ever existed".[1] In 1802, at President Thomas Jefferson's invitation, he returned to America.

Thomas Paine died, at the age of 72, at 59 Grove Street, Greenwich Village, New York City, on June 8, 1809. He was buried at what is now called the Thomas Paine Cottage in New Rochelle, New York, where he had lived after returning to America in 1802. His remains were later disinterred by an admirer, William Cobbett, who sought to return them to England. The bones were, however, later lost and his final resting place today is unknown.</description-text>
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    <description>&lt;div&gt;&lt;strong&gt;NEW YORK EVENING POST&lt;/strong&gt;, March 15, 1816.  &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;* University of New York  &lt;br /&gt;
*&amp;nbsp;Thomas Cooper&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On page under Communications is a report stating that ...the College of Physicians and Surgeons of the University of New-York recommended Thomas Cooper, Esq., for the degree of Dr. of Medicine. Contains the resolution recommending the degree. Cooper taught at Dickinson College and was an associate of Joseph Priestley. Other news of the day with advertisements. Bit of lite rubbing in this content.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;strong&gt;source: wikipedia:&lt;/strong&gt; Dr. Thomas Cooper (October 22, 1759May 11, 1839), American educationalist and political philosopher was born in London, England. He attended Oxford, but did not graduate. Though Cooper is virtually unknown in today's historical world, his ideas were taken very seriously in his own time. There were substantial reviews of his writings, and some late eighteenth-century critics of materialism directed their arguments against Cooper, rather than against the better-known Joseph Priestley.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Threatened with prosecution at home because of his active sympathy with the French Revolution, he emigrated to America with Priestley in 1794, and began the practice of law in Northumberland county, Pennsylvania. He was president-judge of the Fourth District of Pennsylvania in 1806-1811. Like his friend Joseph Priestley, who was then living in Northumberland, he sympathized with the Anti-Federalists, and took part in the agitation against the Sedition Act, and for a newspaper attack in 1799 on President John Adams. He was removed from his position as judge in 1811 on a charge of arbitrary conduct. Cooper was convicted, fined and imprisoned for libel. Like Priestley, Cooper was very highly esteemed by Thomas Jefferson, who secured for him the appointment as first professor of natural science and law in the University of Virginia position which Cooper was forced to resign under the fierce attack made on him by the Virginia clergy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After serving as the chair of chemistry at Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania (1811-1814) and at the University of Pennsylvania (1818-1819), he became a professor of chemistry at South Carolina College (now the University of South Carolina) in 1819. Later he would also provide instruction in political economics. In 1820, he became acting president of this institution and was president from 1821 until 1833, when he resigned owing to the opposition within the state to his liberal religious views.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In December 1834, owing to continued opposition, he resigned his professorship. He had been formally tried for infidelity in 1832. He was a born agitator: John Adams described him as a learned, ingenious, scientific and talented madcap. Before his college classes, in public lectures, and in numerous pamphlets, he constantly preached the doctrine of free trade, and tried to show that the protective system was especially burdensome to the South. His remedy was state action. Each state, he contended, was a sovereign power and was in duty bound to protest against the tyrannical acts of the Federal government.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Upon his arrival in America, Cooper had a positive outlook towards our country saying he preferred America because, &amp;quot;There is little fault to find with the government of America, either in principle or in practice we have no animosities about religion; it is a subject about which no questions are asked the present irritation of men's minds in Great Britain, and the discordant state of society on political grounds is not known there. The government is the government of the people and for the people&amp;quot;. By 1831 his perspective had changed: &amp;quot;In no other country is the wise toleration established by law, so complete as in this. But in no country whatever is a spirit of persecution for mere opinions, more prevalent than in the United States of America. It is a country most tolerant in theory, and most bigoted in practice&amp;quot;, not that this made him feel obliged to return to Mother England.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
He was friends with the likes of Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and several Governors of South Carolina. In philosophy he was a materialist, in religion a free thinker, and by nature of being an adamant advocate of states' rights was in favor of Interposition. Cooper was one of the most vocal supporters of secession. Cooper's political views made him enemies, and his religious views made even more.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
He supported the institution of slavery, which was the opposite of his earlier viewpoint. In the mid to late 1780s Cooper fought passionately against &amp;quot;that infamous and impolitic traffic&amp;quot;. He wrote that &amp;quot;negroes are men; susceptible of the same cultivation with ourselves&amp;quot;, claimed that &amp;quot;as Englishmen, the blood of the murdered African is upon us, and upon our children, and in some day of retribution he will feel it, who will not assist to wash off the stain&amp;quot;. Once in America, Cooper changed his mind completely and accepted slavery. He doubted that &amp;quot;in South Carolina or Georgia...the rich lands could be cultivated without slave labour&amp;quot;. Whether this is the case or it simply became necessary to adopt this viewpoint in order to be consistent with his states' rights persona is questionable.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
President Adams thought Cooper was a &amp;quot;learned, ingenious, scientific, and talented madcap.&amp;quot; Cooper was arrested, convicted, jailed and fined under the United States early Alien and Sedition Laws after violently attacking the administration of John Adams in print. It was during this trial that Cooper stated that he knew the king of England could do no wrong, &amp;quot;but I did not know till now that the President of the United States had the same attribute&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As mentioned, Cooper's religious views brought him criticism as well. He was an agnostic, but did not reject the notion of life after death. He rejected evolution, but believed in an old earth with a late introduction to man on that earth based upon the Biblical literalism: &amp;quot;Nor does the discovery of the human relics at Engis, or Cro-Magnon, or Mentome, aid the high scientific people in their attempt to discredit the Bible account of the late introduction of Man, by the Creator.&amp;quot; Cooper was a young-earth creationist in that he believed that God created man within the past few thousand years.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Cooper was a relentless campaigner for political freedom. He believed freedom of speech was the most fundamental of those freedoms and that America had major improvements to make in this area: &amp;quot;the value of free discussion is not yet appreciated as it ought to be in these United States&amp;quot;. He blamed the clergy in particular for this state of affairs: &amp;quot;the clergy of this country...are united in persecuting every man who calls in question any of their metaphysical opinions, or who hints at their views of ambition and aggrandizement&amp;quot;. Not surprisingly, the evangelical Charles Colcock Jones, who was a missionary to slaves as well as a professor at Columbia Theological Seminary, was unimpressed with Cooper. Jones called him &amp;quot;the Father&amp;quot; of the &amp;quot;infidel Party&amp;quot; in South Carolina. &amp;quot;That old man,&amp;quot; he wrote, &amp;quot;has done this state more evil than fifty years can remove. He has a world of iniquity to answer for in poisoning the State with his infidel principles.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Cooper was at the center of the nullification movement and taught South Carolina about the dangers of consolidation. In 1827, as the tariff controversy grew, Cooper publicly questioned the benefit of the Union. In a speech, he described the South as the perennial loser in an &amp;quot;unequal alliance.&amp;quot;. Cooper predicted that South Carolina would in the near future &amp;quot;be compelled to calculate the value of our union.&amp;quot;. The idea that the South should withdraw &amp;quot;received its first extensive advertising as a result of that speech&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Though he became increasingly controversial during his tenure as president of then named South Carolina College, Thomas Cooper was very popular with his students. Most of them came to his defense in the years of 1831-33, when Cooper was frequently challenged by the State Legislature. Though many students disagreed with Cooper's philosophies, they liked the man personally.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
He exercised considerable influence in preparing the people of South Carolina for nullification and secession; in fact he preceded Calhoun in advocating a practical application of the state sovereignty principle. The last years of his life were spent in preparing an edition of the Statutes at Large of the state, which was completed by David James McCord (1797-1855) and published in ten volumes (1836-1841). Dr Cooper died in Columbia on the ,ith of May 1840. As a philosopher he was a follower of Hartley, Erasmus Darwin, Priestley and Broussais; he was a physiological materialist, and a severe critic of Scotch metaphysics. Among his publications are Political Essays (1800); An English Version of the Institutes of Justinian (1812); Lectures on the Elements of Political Economy (1826); A Treatise on the Law of Libel and the Liberty of the Press1(5830); and a translation of Broussais On Irritation and Insanity (1831), with which were printed his own essays, The Scripture Doctrine of Materialism, View of the Metaphysical and Physiological Arguments in favor of Materialism, and Outline of the Doctrine of the Association of Ideas.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The University of South Carolina has a library named for Cooper and bestows an achievement award presented by the University's Thomas Cooper Society: the Thomas Cooper Society Medal for Lifetime Achievement in Letters and Arts.&lt;/div&gt;</description>
    <description-text>NEW YORK EVENING POST, March 15, 1816.  
   
* University of New York  
* Thomas Cooper

On page under Communications is a report stating that ...the College of Physicians and Surgeons of the University of New-York recommended Thomas Cooper, Esq., for the degree of Dr. of Medicine. Contains the resolution recommending the degree. Cooper taught at Dickinson College and was an associate of Joseph Priestley. Other news of the day with advertisements. Bit of lite rubbing in this content.
 
source: wikipedia: Dr. Thomas Cooper (October 22, 1759May 11, 1839), American educationalist and political philosopher was born in London, England. He attended Oxford, but did not graduate. Though Cooper is virtually unknown in today's historical world, his ideas were taken very seriously in his own time. There were substantial reviews of his writings, and some late eighteenth-century critics of materialism directed their arguments against Cooper, rather than against the better-known Joseph Priestley.

Threatened with prosecution at home because of his active sympathy with the French Revolution, he emigrated to America with Priestley in 1794, and began the practice of law in Northumberland county, Pennsylvania. He was president-judge of the Fourth District of Pennsylvania in 1806-1811. Like his friend Joseph Priestley, who was then living in Northumberland, he sympathized with the Anti-Federalists, and took part in the agitation against the Sedition Act, and for a newspaper attack in 1799 on President John Adams. He was removed from his position as judge in 1811 on a charge of arbitrary conduct. Cooper was convicted, fined and imprisoned for libel. Like Priestley, Cooper was very highly esteemed by Thomas Jefferson, who secured for him the appointment as first professor of natural science and law in the University of Virginia position which Cooper was forced to resign under the fierce attack made on him by the Virginia clergy.

After serving as the chair of chemistry at Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania (1811-1814) and at the University of Pennsylvania (1818-1819), he became a professor of chemistry at South Carolina College (now the University of South Carolina) in 1819. Later he would also provide instruction in political economics. In 1820, he became acting president of this institution and was president from 1821 until 1833, when he resigned owing to the opposition within the state to his liberal religious views.

In December 1834, owing to continued opposition, he resigned his professorship. He had been formally tried for infidelity in 1832. He was a born agitator: John Adams described him as a learned, ingenious, scientific and talented madcap. Before his college classes, in public lectures, and in numerous pamphlets, he constantly preached the doctrine of free trade, and tried to show that the protective system was especially burdensome to the South. His remedy was state action. Each state, he contended, was a sovereign power and was in duty bound to protest against the tyrannical acts of the Federal government.

Upon his arrival in America, Cooper had a positive outlook towards our country saying he preferred America because, "There is little fault to find with the government of America, either in principle or in practice we have no animosities about religion; it is a subject about which no questions are asked the present irritation of men's minds in Great Britain, and the discordant state of society on political grounds is not known there. The government is the government of the people and for the people". By 1831 his perspective had changed: "In no other country is the wise toleration established by law, so complete as in this. But in no country whatever is a spirit of persecution for mere opinions, more prevalent than in the United States of America. It is a country most tolerant in theory, and most bigoted in practice", not that this made him feel obliged to return to Mother England.

He was friends with the likes of Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and several Governors of South Carolina. In philosophy he was a materialist, in religion a free thinker, and by nature of being an adamant advocate of states' rights was in favor of Interposition. Cooper was one of the most vocal supporters of secession. Cooper's political views made him enemies, and his religious views made even more.

He supported the institution of slavery, which was the opposite of his earlier viewpoint. In the mid to late 1780s Cooper fought passionately against "that infamous and impolitic traffic". He wrote that "negroes are men; susceptible of the same cultivation with ourselves", claimed that "as Englishmen, the blood of the murdered African is upon us, and upon our children, and in some day of retribution he will feel it, who will not assist to wash off the stain". Once in America, Cooper changed his mind completely and accepted slavery. He doubted that "in South Carolina or Georgia...the rich lands could be cultivated without slave labour". Whether this is the case or it simply became necessary to adopt this viewpoint in order to be consistent with his states' rights persona is questionable.

President Adams thought Cooper was a "learned, ingenious, scientific, and talented madcap." Cooper was arrested, convicted, jailed and fined under the United States early Alien and Sedition Laws after violently attacking the administration of John Adams in print. It was during this trial that Cooper stated that he knew the king of England could do no wrong, "but I did not know till now that the President of the United States had the same attribute".

As mentioned, Cooper's religious views brought him criticism as well. He was an agnostic, but did not reject the notion of life after death. He rejected evolution, but believed in an old earth with a late introduction to man on that earth based upon the Biblical literalism: "Nor does the discovery of the human relics at Engis, or Cro-Magnon, or Mentome, aid the high scientific people in their attempt to discredit the Bible account of the late introduction of Man, by the Creator." Cooper was a young-earth creationist in that he believed that God created man within the past few thousand years.

Cooper was a relentless campaigner for political freedom. He believed freedom of speech was the most fundamental of those freedoms and that America had major improvements to make in this area: "the value of free discussion is not yet appreciated as it ought to be in these United States". He blamed the clergy in particular for this state of affairs: "the clergy of this country...are united in persecuting every man who calls in question any of their metaphysical opinions, or who hints at their views of ambition and aggrandizement". Not surprisingly, the evangelical Charles Colcock Jones, who was a missionary to slaves as well as a professor at Columbia Theological Seminary, was unimpressed with Cooper. Jones called him "the Father" of the "infidel Party" in South Carolina. "That old man," he wrote, "has done this state more evil than fifty years can remove. He has a world of iniquity to answer for in poisoning the State with his infidel principles."

Cooper was at the center of the nullification movement and taught South Carolina about the dangers of consolidation. In 1827, as the tariff controversy grew, Cooper publicly questioned the benefit of the Union. In a speech, he described the South as the perennial loser in an "unequal alliance.". Cooper predicted that South Carolina would in the near future "be compelled to calculate the value of our union.". The idea that the South should withdraw "received its first extensive advertising as a result of that speech".

Though he became increasingly controversial during his tenure as president of then named South Carolina College, Thomas Cooper was very popular with his students. Most of them came to his defense in the years of 1831-33, when Cooper was frequently challenged by the State Legislature. Though many students disagreed with Cooper's philosophies, they liked the man personally.

He exercised considerable influence in preparing the people of South Carolina for nullification and secession; in fact he preceded Calhoun in advocating a practical application of the state sovereignty principle. The last years of his life were spent in preparing an edition of the Statutes at Large of the state, which was completed by David James McCord (1797-1855) and published in ten volumes (1836-1841). Dr Cooper died in Columbia on the ,ith of May 1840. As a philosopher he was a follower of Hartley, Erasmus Darwin, Priestley and Broussais; he was a physiological materialist, and a severe critic of Scotch metaphysics. Among his publications are Political Essays (1800); An English Version of the Institutes of Justinian (1812); Lectures on the Elements of Political Economy (1826); A Treatise on the Law of Libel and the Liberty of the Press1(5830); and a translation of Broussais On Irritation and Insanity (1831), with which were printed his own essays, The Scripture Doctrine of Materialism, View of the Metaphysical and Physiological Arguments in favor of Materialism, and Outline of the Doctrine of the Association of Ideas.

The University of South Carolina has a library named for Cooper and bestows an achievement award presented by the University's Thomas Cooper Society: the Thomas Cooper Society Medal for Lifetime Achievement in Letters and Arts.</description-text>
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    <subheader>University of New York 1816....</subheader>
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    <description>NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER, Baltimore, MD May 23, 1818. This 16 page
newspaper has interesting news of the day throughout. A lot of the news
in this newspaper is government related. Featured in this issue is a
report on the invention of the cotton gin by Eli Whitney. Octavo-size
in nice condition.</description>
    <description-text>NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER, Baltimore, MD May 23, 1818. This 16 page
newspaper has interesting news of the day throughout. A lot of the news
in this newspaper is government related. Featured in this issue is a
report on the invention of the cotton gin by Eli Whitney. Octavo-size
in nice condition.</description-text>
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    <description>&lt;strong&gt;NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER&lt;/strong&gt;, Baltimore, Maryland, January 29, 1825&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;* Death of Eli Whitney, inventor of the cotton gin&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This small size newspaper began in 1811 and was a prime source for national political news of the first half of the19th century. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
About one-third of the front page is taken up with an article with a small head: &amp;quot;The Late Mr. Whitney&amp;quot; which is concerning the death of Eli Whitney, the inventor of the cotton gin. A portion of the report includes:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;...His inventive genius rendered him one of the greatest benefactors of the age &amp;amp; was the means of changing the whole course of industry in the southern section of the union. Previous to the invention of his cotton gin in 1793 or 4, scarcely a pound of upland cotton was raised for exportation...&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt; with much more (see photos for the full text).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Among the other reports in this issue are:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;Trade to Sweden&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* at least two items on Lafayette&lt;br /&gt;
* much reporting from Congress&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This issue is complete in 16 pages, measures about 6 1/2 by 10 inches with various foxing (mainly on front page). Generally in nice condition.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As noted in Wikipedia: &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;Niles edited and published the Weekly Register until 1836, making it into one of the most widely-circulated magazines in the United States and himself into one of the most influential journalists of his day. Devoted primarily to politics, &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;Niles' Weekly Register is considered an important source for the history of the period.&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt;</description>
    <description-text>NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER, Baltimore, Maryland, January 29, 1825

* Death of Eli Whitney, inventor of the cotton gin

This small size newspaper began in 1811 and was a prime source for national political news of the first half of the19th century. 

About one-third of the front page is taken up with an article with a small head: "The Late Mr. Whitney" which is concerning the death of Eli Whitney, the inventor of the cotton gin. A portion of the report includes:
"...His inventive genius rendered him one of the greatest benefactors of the age &amp; was the means of changing the whole course of industry in the southern section of the union. Previous to the invention of his cotton gin in 1793 or 4, scarcely a pound of upland cotton was raised for exportation..." with much more (see photos for the full text).

Among the other reports in this issue are:

* "Trade to Sweden"
* at least two items on Lafayette
* much reporting from Congress

This issue is complete in 16 pages, measures about 6 1/2 by 10 inches with various foxing (mainly on front page). Generally in nice condition.

As noted in Wikipedia: "Niles edited and published the Weekly Register until 1836, making it into one of the most widely-circulated magazines in the United States and himself into one of the most influential journalists of his day. Devoted primarily to politics, Niles' Weekly Register is considered an important source for the history of the period."</description-text>
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    <subheader>Death of Eli Whitney...</subheader>
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    <date type="date">1825-04-22</date>
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    <description>&lt;strong&gt;BOSTON RECORDER &amp;amp; TELEGRAPH&lt;/strong&gt;, April 22, 1825.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;* Robert Fulton heirs&lt;br /&gt;
* Inventor of the Steamboat&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Page 2 has a report reading in full:&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Justice and Generosity.--The New York Legislature has provided in the act of incorporation of a new Bank, that a bonus of $60,000 shall be paid to the heirs of Robert Fulton, as an indemnity for the loss of the steam-boat patent.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Other news of the day, mostly religious. 4 pages in good condition.</description>
    <description-text>BOSTON RECORDER &amp; TELEGRAPH, April 22, 1825.
 
* Robert Fulton heirs
* Inventor of the Steamboat

Page 2 has a report reading in full: 

* Justice and Generosity.--The New York Legislature has provided in the act of incorporation of a new Bank, that a bonus of $60,000 shall be paid to the heirs of Robert Fulton, as an indemnity for the loss of the steam-boat patent. 

Other news of the day, mostly religious. 4 pages in good condition.</description-text>
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    <date type="date">1826-09-23</date>
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    <description>COLUMBIAN CENTINEL, from Boston, Massachusetts, September 23, 1826 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* The Bowery Theatre ready for opening&lt;br /&gt;
* New York City&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A page 2 report says: &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;The new New York Theatre is 170 feet deep by 75 feet wide. The roof is constructed according to Town's patent for bridges, some of which have been made in an extant of 200 feet opening &amp;amp; have stood firmly for years&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Other news of the day with many ads. Traces of foxing, otherwise in nice condition. 4 pages.	&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;wikipedia notes: &lt;/strong&gt;The Bowery Theatre opened on 22 October 1826 with the play The Road to Ruin, under the management of Charles A. Gilfert. New York Mayor Philip Hone spoke at the opening ceremony, imploring the theatre's intended upper-class audience: &amp;quot;It is therefore incumbent upon those whose standing in society enables them to control the opinions and direct the judgment of others, to encourage, by their countenance and support, a well-regulated theatre&amp;quot;.[4] Its first few seasons were devoted to ballet, opera, and high drama. The theatre was by this time quite fashionable, and the northward expansion of Manhattan gave the theatre access to a large patronage. The theatre burnt out in 1828, but was rebuilt behind the same facade. Gilfert's understanding of advertising was keen, but In 1829, the owners fired him.&lt;/em&gt;</description>
    <description-text>COLUMBIAN CENTINEL, from Boston, Massachusetts, September 23, 1826 

* The Bowery Theatre ready for opening
* New York City

A page 2 report says: "The new New York Theatre is 170 feet deep by 75 feet wide. The roof is constructed according to Town's patent for bridges, some of which have been made in an extant of 200 feet opening &amp; have stood firmly for years".

Other news of the day with many ads. Traces of foxing, otherwise in nice condition. 4 pages.	

wikipedia notes: The Bowery Theatre opened on 22 October 1826 with the play The Road to Ruin, under the management of Charles A. Gilfert. New York Mayor Philip Hone spoke at the opening ceremony, imploring the theatre's intended upper-class audience: "It is therefore incumbent upon those whose standing in society enables them to control the opinions and direct the judgment of others, to encourage, by their countenance and support, a well-regulated theatre".[4] Its first few seasons were devoted to ballet, opera, and high drama. The theatre was by this time quite fashionable, and the northward expansion of Manhattan gave the theatre access to a large patronage. The theatre burnt out in 1828, but was rebuilt behind the same facade. Gilfert's understanding of advertising was keen, but In 1829, the owners fired him.</description-text>
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    <subheader>New York Theatre...</subheader>
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    <date type="date">1826-11-01</date>
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    <description>COLUMBIAN CENTINEL, Boston, Massachusetts, November 1, 1826 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;* Thomas Jefferson and John Adams&lt;br /&gt;
* John Thornton Kirkland&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
A page 2 report says that the Rev. Dr. Kirkland, V P of the Academy of Arts &amp;amp; Sciences, delivered a funeral address before the  members of the organization at &amp;quot;Brattle-street Church&amp;quot;  in memory of John Adams &amp;amp;Thomas Jefferson, plus some details.	&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Other news of the day with many ads throughout. 4 pages in good condition.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;wikipedia notes: &lt;/strong&gt;John Thornton Kirkland (1770 &amp;ndash; 1840) served as President of Harvard University from 1810 to 1828. A minister like many of his predecessors, he is remembered chiefly for his lenient treatment of students. Kirkland House, one of Harvard's undergraduate &amp;quot;houses,&amp;quot; or residence halls, was named in his honor and in recognition of his term at the school's helm.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Oliver Wendell Holmes describes him thus, in his study of Ralph Waldo Emerson: &amp;quot;His 'shining morning face' was round as a baby's, and talked as pleasantly as his voice did, with smiles for accents and dimples for punctuation.... It was of him that the story was always told,--it may be as old as the invention of printing,--that he threw his sermons into a barrel, where they went to pieces and got mixed up, and that when he was going to preach he fished out what he thought would be about enough for a sermon, and patched the leaves together as he best might.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
His contemporary George Ticknor described Kirkland's sermons as &amp;quot;full of intellectual wealth and practical wisdom, with sometimes a quaintness that bordered on humor.&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt;</description>
    <description-text>COLUMBIAN CENTINEL, Boston, Massachusetts, November 1, 1826 

* Thomas Jefferson and John Adams
* John Thornton Kirkland

A page 2 report says that the Rev. Dr. Kirkland, V P of the Academy of Arts &amp; Sciences, delivered a funeral address before the  members of the organization at "Brattle-street Church"  in memory of John Adams &amp;Thomas Jefferson, plus some details.	

Other news of the day with many ads throughout. 4 pages in good condition.

wikipedia notes: John Thornton Kirkland (1770 &amp;ndash; 1840) served as President of Harvard University from 1810 to 1828. A minister like many of his predecessors, he is remembered chiefly for his lenient treatment of students. Kirkland House, one of Harvard's undergraduate "houses," or residence halls, was named in his honor and in recognition of his term at the school's helm.

Oliver Wendell Holmes describes him thus, in his study of Ralph Waldo Emerson: "His 'shining morning face' was round as a baby's, and talked as pleasantly as his voice did, with smiles for accents and dimples for punctuation.... It was of him that the story was always told,--it may be as old as the invention of printing,--that he threw his sermons into a barrel, where they went to pieces and got mixed up, and that when he was going to preach he fished out what he thought would be about enough for a sermon, and patched the leaves together as he best might."

His contemporary George Ticknor described Kirkland's sermons as "full of intellectual wealth and practical wisdom, with sometimes a quaintness that bordered on humor."</description-text>
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    <subheader>Rev. Dr. Kirkland delivered Adams and Jefferson funeral address...</subheader>
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    <date type="date">1827-06-22</date>
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    <description>BOSTON RECORDER &amp;amp; TELEGRAPH, Boston, Massachusetts, June 22, 1827 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;* New Harmony Indiana&lt;br /&gt;
* Robert Owen&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Page 3 has a report: &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;New Harmony--Mr. Owen has sold a great part of his property at N. Harmony, leased the remainder, and left it on his return from Scotland. W. Maclure, in the Philadelphia Gazette, warns people not to trust Mr. Owen on his account&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Report is in a large area of concentrated foxing.	&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Other news of the day. Mentioned foxing, otherwise in good condition. 4 pages.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;wikipedia notes: &lt;/strong&gt;New Harmony, formerly named Harmony, was founded by the Harmony Society, headed by German immigrant George Rapp (actually Johann Georg Rapp) in 1814. This was the second of three towns built by the pietist, communal German religious group, known as Harmonists, Harmonites or Rappites. The other two towns founded by the Harmonites were Harmony, Pennsylvania (their first town), and Economy, Pennsylvania (now called Ambridge, Pennsylvania.) When the society decided to move back to Pennsylvania around 1824, they sold the 30,000 acres (121 km&amp;sup2;) of land and buildings to Robert Owen, the Welsh utopian thinker and social reformer, and to William Maclure for $150,000, who then changed the name from &amp;quot;Harmony&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;New Harmony.&amp;quot; Owen recruited residents to his model community, but a number of factors led to an early breakup of the communitarian experiment.&lt;br /&gt;
New Harmony as envisioned by Owen&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The figure shown here as &amp;quot;New Harmony as envisioned by Owen&amp;quot; was captioned by the architect who drew the figure, Stedman Whitwell, as &amp;quot;Design for a Community of 2000 Person founded upon a principle Commended by Plato, Lord Bacon and Sir Thomas More.&amp;quot; Whitwell (1784-1840) lived in New Harmony during 1825. His Design is discussed at length in Description of an Architectural Model. In Edward Royle's Robert Owen and the Commencement of the Millennium, (Manchester University Press, 1998), Whitwell's figure is presented in a chapter on Harmony, the name of Owen's community in Hampshire, England, dating from 1841, although the figure was published in 1830 and almost certainly existed as early as 1825.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The experiment was established in 1825 and dissolved in 1829 due to constant quarrels. The town banned money and other commodities. Individualist anarchist Josiah Warren, who was one of the original participants in the New Harmony Society, asserted that the community was doomed to failure due to a lack of individual sovereignty and private property. He wrote of the community: &amp;quot;It seemed that the difference of opinion, tastes and purposes increased just in proportion to the demand for conformity. Two years were worn out in this way; at the end of which, I believe that not more than three persons had the least hope of success. Most of the experimenters left in despair of all reforms, and conservatism felt itself confirmed. We had tried every conceivable form of organization and government. We had a world in miniature. --we had enacted the French revolution over again with despairing hearts instead of corpses as a result. ...It appeared that it was nature's own inherent law of diversity that had conquered us ...our 'united interests' were directly at war with the individualities of persons and circumstances and the instinct of self-preservation... and it was evident that just in proportion to the contact of persons or interests, so are concessions and compromises indispensable.&amp;quot; (Periodical Letter II 1856).&lt;br /&gt;
New Harmony, a utopian attempt; depicted as proposed by Robert Owen&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Although Owen's vision of New Harmony as an advance in social reform was not realized, the town did become a scientific center of national significance. As President of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, William Maclure brought naturalists Thomas Say and Charles-Alexandre Lesueur to New Harmony from Philadelphia. Say has been called the father of American entomology and the father of American conchology. Many species were first described by both Say and Leseuer, and many have been named in their honor. Say died in New Harmony in 1834, and Leseuer returned to his native France in 1837.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lesueur's sketch, &amp;quot;The Church of the Harmonists,&amp;quot; shown here by courtesy of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, is one of many preserved in the Lesueur Collection at the Academy.&lt;br /&gt;
The Church of the Harmonists by Charles Alexandre Lesueur&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1837, David Dale Owen, a son of Robert Owen, finished his formal education as a medical doctor. However, returning to New Harmony, and having been much influenced by Robert Maclure and Gerhard Troost, Owen became a geologist. With headquarters in New Harmony, Owen conducted the first official geological survey of Indiana (1837-39), and he led federal surveys in 1839-40 and 1847-51. Owen was the first state geologist of three states: Indiana, Kentucky, and Arkansas. His museum in New Harmony was known as the largest museum west of the Alleghenies. At the time of his death in 1860, the museum included some 85,000 items. Of Owen's many publications, perhaps the most significant is his 638-page Report of a Geological Survey of Wisconsin, Iowa, and Minnesota and Incidentally of a Portion of Nebraska Territory, including colored maps and drawings of fossils, published in Philadelphia in 1852.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Among younger men under David Dale Owen's leadership and influence during the survey just mentioned were Benjamin Shumard Franklin (for whom the Shumard oak is named, first state geologist of Texas, hired by Sam Houston), Amos Henry Worthen (second state geologist of Illinois), Fielding B. Meek (first full-time paleontologist of the Smithsonian Institution), and Richard Owen (brother of David Dale Owen, resident of New Harmony, second state geologist of Indiana, first president of Purdue University).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
One of David Dale Owen's colleagues and co-authors, also a medical doctor, was Joseph Granville Norwood. Dr. Norwood was the first state geologist of Illinois (1851-1858). From 1851 to 1854, the Illinois State Geological Survey was headquartered in New Harmony.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1838, William Maclure established The Working Men's Institute in New Harmony. It includes the oldest continuously operating library in the state of Indiana, as well as a small museum. The vault in the library contains many historic manuscripts, letters, and documents pertaining to the history of New Harmony. An entire issue (June 1998) of the Indiana Magazine of History is devoted to the life and work of William Maclure. Under the general editorship of Donald E. Pitzer and Josephine Mirabella Elliott, the issue includes eight articles.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The eldest son of Robert Owen was Robert Dale Owen. (Several of Robert Owen's children were given the middle name Dale in honor of Owen's father-in-law, David Dale.) R. D. Owen was a social reformer and intellectual of national importance. As a member of the U. S. House of Representatives from 1843 to 1847, he introduced the bill establishing the Smithsonian Institution, and he served as chairman of the Smithsonian Building Committee. He arranged for his brother David Dale Owen to sample a large number of possible building stones for the Smithsonian Castle. D. D. Owen selected the distinctive Seneca Creek Sandstone of which that building is constructed.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Later, R. D. Owen held the diplomatic position of charge d'affairs (1853-1858) in Naples, Italy. In the 1850s, he began studying spiritualism, and in 1860, his book Footfalls on the Boundary of Another World aroused something of a literary sensation. Among his hecklers in the Boston Investigator and at home in the New Harmony Advertiser were John and Margaret Chappellsmith, he formerly an artist for David Dale Owen's geological publications, and she a former Owenite lecturer.&lt;/em&gt;</description>
    <description-text>BOSTON RECORDER &amp; TELEGRAPH, Boston, Massachusetts, June 22, 1827 

* New Harmony Indiana
* Robert Owen

Page 3 has a report: "New Harmony--Mr. Owen has sold a great part of his property at N. Harmony, leased the remainder, and left it on his return from Scotland. W. Maclure, in the Philadelphia Gazette, warns people not to trust Mr. Owen on his account".

Report is in a large area of concentrated foxing.	

Other news of the day. Mentioned foxing, otherwise in good condition. 4 pages.

wikipedia notes: New Harmony, formerly named Harmony, was founded by the Harmony Society, headed by German immigrant George Rapp (actually Johann Georg Rapp) in 1814. This was the second of three towns built by the pietist, communal German religious group, known as Harmonists, Harmonites or Rappites. The other two towns founded by the Harmonites were Harmony, Pennsylvania (their first town), and Economy, Pennsylvania (now called Ambridge, Pennsylvania.) When the society decided to move back to Pennsylvania around 1824, they sold the 30,000 acres (121 km&amp;sup2;) of land and buildings to Robert Owen, the Welsh utopian thinker and social reformer, and to William Maclure for $150,000, who then changed the name from "Harmony" to "New Harmony." Owen recruited residents to his model community, but a number of factors led to an early breakup of the communitarian experiment.
New Harmony as envisioned by Owen

The figure shown here as "New Harmony as envisioned by Owen" was captioned by the architect who drew the figure, Stedman Whitwell, as "Design for a Community of 2000 Person founded upon a principle Commended by Plato, Lord Bacon and Sir Thomas More." Whitwell (1784-1840) lived in New Harmony during 1825. His Design is discussed at length in Description of an Architectural Model. In Edward Royle's Robert Owen and the Commencement of the Millennium, (Manchester University Press, 1998), Whitwell's figure is presented in a chapter on Harmony, the name of Owen's community in Hampshire, England, dating from 1841, although the figure was published in 1830 and almost certainly existed as early as 1825.

The experiment was established in 1825 and dissolved in 1829 due to constant quarrels. The town banned money and other commodities. Individualist anarchist Josiah Warren, who was one of the original participants in the New Harmony Society, asserted that the community was doomed to failure due to a lack of individual sovereignty and private property. He wrote of the community: "It seemed that the difference of opinion, tastes and purposes increased just in proportion to the demand for conformity. Two years were worn out in this way; at the end of which, I believe that not more than three persons had the least hope of success. Most of the experimenters left in despair of all reforms, and conservatism felt itself confirmed. We had tried every conceivable form of organization and government. We had a world in miniature. --we had enacted the French revolution over again with despairing hearts instead of corpses as a result. ...It appeared that it was nature's own inherent law of diversity that had conquered us ...our 'united interests' were directly at war with the individualities of persons and circumstances and the instinct of self-preservation... and it was evident that just in proportion to the contact of persons or interests, so are concessions and compromises indispensable." (Periodical Letter II 1856).
New Harmony, a utopian attempt; depicted as proposed by Robert Owen

Although Owen's vision of New Harmony as an advance in social reform was not realized, the town did become a scientific center of national significance. As President of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, William Maclure brought naturalists Thomas Say and Charles-Alexandre Lesueur to New Harmony from Philadelphia. Say has been called the father of American entomology and the father of American conchology. Many species were first described by both Say and Leseuer, and many have been named in their honor. Say died in New Harmony in 1834, and Leseuer returned to his native France in 1837.

Lesueur's sketch, "The Church of the Harmonists," shown here by courtesy of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, is one of many preserved in the Lesueur Collection at the Academy.
The Church of the Harmonists by Charles Alexandre Lesueur

In 1837, David Dale Owen, a son of Robert Owen, finished his formal education as a medical doctor. However, returning to New Harmony, and having been much influenced by Robert Maclure and Gerhard Troost, Owen became a geologist. With headquarters in New Harmony, Owen conducted the first official geological survey of Indiana (1837-39), and he led federal surveys in 1839-40 and 1847-51. Owen was the first state geologist of three states: Indiana, Kentucky, and Arkansas. His museum in New Harmony was known as the largest museum west of the Alleghenies. At the time of his death in 1860, the museum included some 85,000 items. Of Owen's many publications, perhaps the most significant is his 638-page Report of a Geological Survey of Wisconsin, Iowa, and Minnesota and Incidentally of a Portion of Nebraska Territory, including colored maps and drawings of fossils, published in Philadelphia in 1852.

Among younger men under David Dale Owen's leadership and influence during the survey just mentioned were Benjamin Shumard Franklin (for whom the Shumard oak is named, first state geologist of Texas, hired by Sam Houston), Amos Henry Worthen (second state geologist of Illinois), Fielding B. Meek (first full-time paleontologist of the Smithsonian Institution), and Richard Owen (brother of David Dale Owen, resident of New Harmony, second state geologist of Indiana, first president of Purdue University).

One of David Dale Owen's colleagues and co-authors, also a medical doctor, was Joseph Granville Norwood. Dr. Norwood was the first state geologist of Illinois (1851-1858). From 1851 to 1854, the Illinois State Geological Survey was headquartered in New Harmony.

In 1838, William Maclure established The Working Men's Institute in New Harmony. It includes the oldest continuously operating library in the state of Indiana, as well as a small museum. The vault in the library contains many historic manuscripts, letters, and documents pertaining to the history of New Harmony. An entire issue (June 1998) of the Indiana Magazine of History is devoted to the life and work of William Maclure. Under the general editorship of Donald E. Pitzer and Josephine Mirabella Elliott, the issue includes eight articles.

The eldest son of Robert Owen was Robert Dale Owen. (Several of Robert Owen's children were given the middle name Dale in honor of Owen's father-in-law, David Dale.) R. D. Owen was a social reformer and intellectual of national importance. As a member of the U. S. House of Representatives from 1843 to 1847, he introduced the bill establishing the Smithsonian Institution, and he served as chairman of the Smithsonian Building Committee. He arranged for his brother David Dale Owen to sample a large number of possible building stones for the Smithsonian Castle. D. D. Owen selected the distinctive Seneca Creek Sandstone of which that building is constructed.

Later, R. D. Owen held the diplomatic position of charge d'affairs (1853-1858) in Naples, Italy. In the 1850s, he began studying spiritualism, and in 1860, his book Footfalls on the Boundary of Another World aroused something of a literary sensation. Among his hecklers in the Boston Investigator and at home in the New Harmony Advertiser were John and Margaret Chappellsmith, he formerly an artist for David Dale Owen's geological publications, and she a former Owenite lecturer.</description-text>
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    <state nil="true"></state>
    <subheader>No Harmony at New Harmony...</subheader>
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    <date type="date">1827-09-24</date>
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    <description>&lt;div&gt;
    &lt;strong&gt;CONNECTICUT COURANT&lt;/strong&gt;, Hartford, Sept. 24, 1827. 
&lt;br /&gt;&amp;#160; 
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;* 1827 Fire Engines 
&lt;br /&gt;* Hartford Connecticut&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Page 2 has a report from a Windsor, (Vt.) Journal: &lt;strong&gt;Coopers Patent Rotative Fire Engine&lt;/strong&gt;.&amp;#160;Other news of the day includes: "Counterfeit Notes" "Destructive Fire" "The Frigate Hussar" and more. Several interesting advertisements as well. 4 pages in nice condition. 
&lt;/div&gt;</description>
    <description-text>
    CONNECTICUT COURANT, Hartford, Sept. 24, 1827. 
&#160; 
* 1827 Fire Engines 
* Hartford ConnecticutPage 2 has a report from a Windsor, (Vt.) Journal: Coopers Patent Rotative Fire Engine.&#160;Other news of the day includes: "Counterfeit Notes" "Destructive Fire" "The Frigate Hussar" and more. Several interesting advertisements as well. 4 pages in nice condition. 
</description-text>
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    <is-active-reason>Listed on eBay</is-active-reason>
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    <subheader>1827 Fire Engines....</subheader>
    <topics> </topics>
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    <updated-at type="datetime">2007-09-04T00:01:44-04:00</updated-at>
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    <date type="date">1829-07-20</date>
    <date-range-end type="date" nil="true"></date-range-end>
    <date-range-start type="date" nil="true"></date-range-start>
    <description>COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER, N.Y., July 20, 1829 Has many ads, including one on pg. 3 for "Moodys Patent Portable Ovens". Includes a woodcut of an oven used with a charcoal furnace. The oven emitted very little heat and could be used in the home or "out of doors". A bit uneven at the spine.</description>
    <description-text>COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER, N.Y., July 20, 1829 Has many ads, including one on pg. 3 for "Moodys Patent Portable Ovens". Includes a woodcut of an oven used with a charcoal furnace. The oven emitted very little heat and could be used in the home or "out of doors". A bit uneven at the spine.</description-text>
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    <subheader>1829 Kitchen Stove Advertisement...</subheader>
    <topics>Grill appliance </topics>
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    <updated-at type="datetime">2007-09-03T23:56:32-04:00</updated-at>
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    <date type="date">1838-08-25</date>
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    <description>THE MADISONIAN, Washington City (D.C.), August 25, 1838 Page two contains the
&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt; "List Of Officers and Scientific Corps of the U.S. Exploring Expedition"&lt;/span&gt;
listing about 100 men. Also within this issue: "The Declaration of War
Against the Banks--Proscription; Proscription; Proscription" and "Loco
Folo Logic" and An Extraordinary and Double Charge of Bigamy" plus much
more. Four pages, nice condition.
&lt;br /&gt;</description>
    <description-text>THE MADISONIAN, Washington City (D.C.), August 25, 1838 Page two contains the
 "List Of Officers and Scientific Corps of the U.S. Exploring Expedition"
listing about 100 men. Also within this issue: "The Declaration of War
Against the Banks--Proscription; Proscription; Proscription" and "Loco
Folo Logic" and An Extraordinary and Double Charge of Bigamy" plus much
more. Four pages, nice condition.
</description-text>
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    <subheader>1838 Charge of Bigamy &amp; Exploring Expedition...</subheader>
    <topics>    </topics>
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    <updated-at type="datetime">2007-09-03T23:54:36-04:00</updated-at>
    <updated-system-user-id type="integer">4</updated-system-user-id>
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    <city nil="true"></city>
    <comments>note: have 5 issues.</comments>
    <contents-reviewed type="boolean">false</contents-reviewed>
    <created-at type="datetime">2008-08-13T09:35:24-04:00</created-at>
    <created-system-user-id type="integer">4</created-system-user-id>
    <date type="date">1839-04-27</date>
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    <description>NILES' NATIONAL REGISTER, Baltimore, April 27, 1839&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* Daguerre and his Daguerreotype : invention of photography&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This small size newspaper began in 1811 and was a prime source for national political news of the first half of the19th century. As noted in Wikipedia: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;Niles edited and published the Weekly Register until 1836, making it into one of the most widely-circulated magazines in the United States and himself into one of the most influential journalists of his day. Devoted primarily to politics, &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;Niles' Weekly Register is considered an important source for the history of the period.&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Certainly the prime content in this issue is the very historic and extremely early report on the invention of photography, headed: &amp;quot;The Daguerrotipe&amp;quot;. The text takes over half a column and begins:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;You have perhaps heard of the Daguerrotipe,so called from the discoverer, M. Daguerre. It is one of the most beautiful discoveries of the age...&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt; with much, much more on this historic invention (see photos for full text).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This report &lt;strong&gt;could well be the earliest report on the invention of photography in an American newspaper&lt;/strong&gt;, predating a similar report in the nation's newspaper &amp;quot;Daily National Intelligencer&amp;quot; from Washington, D.C., by two days.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This issue has a wealth of other interesting articles including those headed: &amp;quot;Bank Robbery&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Canada Affairs&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Death of Col. Ogden&amp;quot; &amp;quot;The New Vaccine Virus&amp;quot; &amp;quot;North Carolina Gold Mines&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Emigrating Seminoles&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Pitcairn's Island&amp;quot; which mentions the mutineers of the Bounty; &amp;quot;Expedition to Oregon&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Red Indian Dance&amp;quot; and much more.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This issue is complete in 16 pgs., measures 8 1/2 by 12 inches &amp;amp; is in very nice condition.</description>
    <description-text>NILES' NATIONAL REGISTER, Baltimore, April 27, 1839  

* Daguerre and his Daguerreotype : invention of photography

This small size newspaper began in 1811 and was a prime source for national political news of the first half of the19th century. As noted in Wikipedia: 

"Niles edited and published the Weekly Register until 1836, making it into one of the most widely-circulated magazines in the United States and himself into one of the most influential journalists of his day. Devoted primarily to politics, Niles' Weekly Register is considered an important source for the history of the period."

Certainly the prime content in this issue is the very historic and extremely early report on the invention of photography, headed: "The Daguerrotipe". The text takes over half a column and begins:
"You have perhaps heard of the Daguerrotipe,so called from the discoverer, M. Daguerre. It is one of the most beautiful discoveries of the age..." with much, much more on this historic invention (see photos for full text).

This report could well be the earliest report on the invention of photography in an American newspaper, predating a similar report in the nation's newspaper "Daily National Intelligencer" from Washington, D.C., by two days.

This issue has a wealth of other interesting articles including those headed: "Bank Robbery" "Canada Affairs" "Death of Col. Ogden" "The New Vaccine Virus" "North Carolina Gold Mines" "Emigrating Seminoles" "Pitcairn's Island" which mentions the mutineers of the Bounty; "Expedition to Oregon" "Red Indian Dance" and much more.

This issue is complete in 16 pgs., measures 8 1/2 by 12 inches &amp; is in very nice condition.</description-text>
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    <subheader>Daguerre and the invention of photography...</subheader>
    <topics>nrbesttext  sup160a</topics>
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    <date type="date">1840-02-15</date>
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    <date-range-start type="date" nil="true"></date-range-start>
    <description>BAY STATE DEMOCRAT, Boston, Feb. 15, 1840 Issue has numerous ads, including one on the ftpg. for &amp;quot;Patent Balances And Scales&amp;quot; which has three small illustrations of scales or balances. Good condition.&amp;nbsp; Note:&amp;nbsp; The images shown are stock photos of a similar issue to show the look, condition, masthead, and actual balance/scales image you will receive.</description>
    <description-text>BAY STATE DEMOCRAT, Boston, Feb. 15, 1840 Issue has numerous ads, including one on the ftpg. for "Patent Balances And Scales" which has three small illustrations of scales or balances. Good condition.  Note:  The images shown are stock photos of a similar issue to show the look, condition, masthead, and actual balance/scales image you will receive.</description-text>
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    <subheader>Patent for Balances And Scales (with image)...</subheader>
    <topics>    </topics>
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    <updated-at type="datetime">2008-10-14T10:35:55-04:00</updated-at>
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    <date type="date">1840-03-03</date>
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    <description>BAY STATE DEMOCRAT, Boston, 1840 A ftpg. business ad for "Patent
Balances And Scales" gives details about the business. Includes two small
woodcuts of scales and one of a balance. Fold creases, o/w generally good.
</description>
    <description-text>BAY STATE DEMOCRAT, Boston, 1840 A ftpg. business ad for "Patent
Balances And Scales" gives details about the business. Includes two small
woodcuts of scales and one of a balance. Fold creases, o/w generally good.
</description-text>
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    <created-at type="datetime">2008-10-21T14:19:40-04:00</created-at>
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    <date type="date">1842-12-24</date>
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    <description>NILES' NATIONAL REGISTER, Baltimore, Maryland, December 24, 1842&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* Samuel Morse&lt;br /&gt;
* Invention of the telegraph&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This small size newspaper began in 1811 and was a prime source for national political news of the first half of the19th century. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;em&gt;Wikipedia:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/u&gt; &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;Niles edited and published the Weekly Register until 1836, making it into one of the most widely-circulated magazines in the United States and himself into one of the most influential journalists of his day. Devoted primarily to politics, &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;Niles' Weekly Register is considered an important source for the history of the period.&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The bottom of the back page has a report headed: &amp;quot;Electro Magnetic Telegraph&amp;quot; which includes: &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;...states that S. F. B. Morse, of New York, is now exhibiting to committees appointed by congress to examine the subject, his invention by which two persons, however distant, may converse with each other. There is every probability that he will be afforded the means of fully testing its practicability. It would be a wonderful improvement indeed, if effected.&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
And what an understatement that was. This was the beginning of distant communication which continues to evolve to this day.&lt;br /&gt;
.&lt;br /&gt;
Other articles of interest within this issue include those headed: &amp;quot;Appointments by the President&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Correspondence On the African Slave Trade&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Railroads and Canals&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Report of the Secretary of the Navy&amp;quot; &amp;quot;The United States Brig Somers&amp;quot; and more.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This issue is complete in 16 pages, measures 8 1/2 by 12 inches, in very nice condition.</description>
    <description-text>NILES' NATIONAL REGISTER, Baltimore, Maryland, December 24, 1842  

* Samuel Morse
* Invention of the telegraph

This small size newspaper began in 1811 and was a prime source for national political news of the first half of the19th century. 

Wikipedia: "Niles edited and published the Weekly Register until 1836, making it into one of the most widely-circulated magazines in the United States and himself into one of the most influential journalists of his day. Devoted primarily to politics, Niles' Weekly Register is considered an important source for the history of the period."

The bottom of the back page has a report headed: "Electro Magnetic Telegraph" which includes: "...states that S. F. B. Morse, of New York, is now exhibiting to committees appointed by congress to examine the subject, his invention by which two persons, however distant, may converse with each other. There is every probability that he will be afforded the means of fully testing its practicability. It would be a wonderful improvement indeed, if effected." 
And what an understatement that was. This was the beginning of distant communication which continues to evolve to this day.
.
Other articles of interest within this issue include those headed: "Appointments by the President" "Correspondence On the African Slave Trade" "Railroads and Canals" "Report of the Secretary of the Navy" "The United States Brig Somers" and more.

This issue is complete in 16 pages, measures 8 1/2 by 12 inches, in very nice condition.</description-text>
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    <subheader>Samuel Morse and his telegraph invention...  </subheader>
    <topics>nrbesttext</topics>
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    <date type="date">1843-12-21</date>
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    <description>&lt;div&gt;
    &lt;strong&gt;PENNSYLVANIA INQUIRER AND NATIONAL GAZETTE&lt;/strong&gt;, Dec. 21, 1843. 
&lt;br /&gt;&amp;#160; 
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;* Submarine Telescope invention 
&lt;br /&gt;* Used for boat inspection&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Page 2 has an interesting report about &lt;strong&gt;The Sub-Marine Telescope&lt;/strong&gt; which used a camphine lamp placed in a glass globe, and sunk in the water. This allowed a person on the deck of a boat to examine the hull, plus other details. Says the instrument was invented by Sarah Mather of Brooklyn. Other news of the day includes: "A Flying Machine" "Texas" and more. 4 pages in nice condition. 
&lt;/div&gt;</description>
    <description-text>
    PENNSYLVANIA INQUIRER AND NATIONAL GAZETTE, Dec. 21, 1843. 
&#160; 
* Submarine Telescope invention 
* Used for boat inspectionPage 2 has an interesting report about The Sub-Marine Telescope which used a camphine lamp placed in a glass globe, and sunk in the water. This allowed a person on the deck of a boat to examine the hull, plus other details. Says the instrument was invented by Sarah Mather of Brooklyn. Other news of the day includes: "A Flying Machine" "Texas" and more. 4 pages in nice condition. 
</description-text>
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    <subheader>Submarine Telescope in 1843...</subheader>
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    <date type="date">1846-01-01</date>
    <date-range-end type="date" nil="true"></date-range-end>
    <date-range-start type="date" nil="true"></date-range-start>
    <description>SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, NY, 1846 The photo shows the very ornate masthead of this famous journal that provided the latest scientific news and essays, related information, patents, and other subjects. During its first year of publication it was a folio-size newspaper with each issue featuring a front page engraving of &amp;quot;New Inventions, Scientific Principles, and Curiosities&amp;quot;. Occasional foxing, otherwise good. A desirable item and nice for display.</description>
    <description-text>SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, NY, 1846 The photo shows the very ornate masthead of this famous journal that provided the latest scientific news and essays, related information, patents, and other subjects. During its first year of publication it was a folio-size newspaper with each issue featuring a front page engraving of "New Inventions, Scientific Principles, and Curiosities". Occasional foxing, otherwise good. A desirable item and nice for display.</description-text>
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  <web-item>
    <city nil="true"></city>
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    <created-at type="datetime">2008-04-16T12:53:17-04:00</created-at>
    <created-system-user-id type="integer">4</created-system-user-id>
    <date type="date">1850-08-10</date>
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    <description>NEW YORK WEEKLY TRIBUNE, New York City, New York, August 10, 1850&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;* very early photography report&lt;br /&gt;
* California Gold Rush&lt;br /&gt;
* Manifesto of Texas&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Page 7 has an historic &amp;amp; very early article concerning photography, headed: &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;Science&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Interesting Scientific Intelligence&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Improvements In Photography&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt; with the article taking three-quarters of a column (see photos for portions).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The front page has nearly two column taken up with: &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;Manifesto Of Texas&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Letter from Gov. Bell to the Senators &amp;amp; Rep. from Texas...Relative to the Santa Fe Question&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Page 5 has several items on the California Gold Rush, including reports headed &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;California--General State of Affairs&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Admission into the Union&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Rumored Discoveries of Gold in Great Quantities&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Discovery of Salt in California&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Murders&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Affairs in California&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Shipment of Gold from San Francisco&amp;quot;.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
You get the complete&amp;nbsp; 8 page newspaper which is in very nice condition.</description>
    <description-text>NEW YORK WEEKLY TRIBUNE, New York City, New York, August 10, 1850

* very early photography report
* California Gold Rush
* Manifesto of Texas

Page 7 has an historic &amp; very early article concerning photography, headed: "Science" "Interesting Scientific Intelligence" "Improvements In Photography" with the article taking three-quarters of a column (see photos for portions).

The front page has nearly two column taken up with: "Manifesto Of Texas" "Letter from Gov. Bell to the Senators &amp; Rep. from Texas...Relative to the Santa Fe Question"

Page 5 has several items on the California Gold Rush, including reports headed "California--General State of Affairs" "Admission into the Union" "Rumored Discoveries of Gold in Great Quantities" "Discovery of Salt in California" "Murders" "Affairs in California" and "Shipment of Gold from San Francisco".

You get the complete  8 page newspaper which is in very nice condition.</description-text>
    <folder-id type="integer">6</folder-id>
    <header nil="true"></header>
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    <subheader>Inventing photography...</subheader>
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    <updated-at type="datetime">2008-12-30T14:35:08-05:00</updated-at>
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    <created-at type="datetime">2008-06-10T13:58:10-04:00</created-at>
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    <date type="date">1851-06-14</date>
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    <description>&lt;div&gt;&lt;span id="Text"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;GLEASON'S PICTORIAL DRAWING-ROOM COMPANION&lt;/strong&gt;, Boston, Massachusetts, June 14, 1851&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;* Brooklyn, New York&lt;br /&gt;
* Prints - &amp;quot;Burning of St. Pauls' Cathedral, Pittsburgh&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This title was formatted much like the more popular &amp;quot;Harper's Weekly&amp;quot; being tabloid-size with several pages of prints. This title actually precedes Harper's, which did not begin publication until 1857. Within this issue are prints captioned: &amp;quot;Burning of St. Pauls' Cathedral, Pittsburgh&amp;quot; &amp;quot;View of Brooklyn, New York&amp;quot; &amp;quot;A Winter Encampment in California&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Lawrence Scientific School, Cambridge&amp;quot; and more, all having related text as well.&lt;strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id="Text"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
16 pages in nice condition.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
    <description-text> GLEASON'S PICTORIAL DRAWING-ROOM COMPANION, Boston, Massachusetts, June 14, 1851  

* Brooklyn, New York
* Prints - "Burning of St. Pauls' Cathedral, Pittsburgh"

This title was formatted much like the more popular "Harper's Weekly" being tabloid-size with several pages of prints. This title actually precedes Harper's, which did not begin publication until 1857. Within this issue are prints captioned: "Burning of St. Pauls' Cathedral, Pittsburgh" "View of Brooklyn, New York" "A Winter Encampment in California" "Lawrence Scientific School, Cambridge" and more, all having related text as well. 

16 pages in nice condition.</description-text>
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    <subheader>Brooklyn, New York...  </subheader>
    <topics nil="true"></topics>
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    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-04-02T12:58:50-04:00</updated-at>
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    <date type="date">1851-09-20</date>
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    <description>SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN magazine from New York dated Sept. 20, 1851. See the photo below for the nice front page illustration headed: "The Fire Annihilator" with a nice, detailed article on it as well. You get the complete 8 page issue, some damp staining and browning at the margins, some wear at the edges as well. Early &amp; unusual item! </description>
    <description-text>SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN magazine from New York dated Sept. 20, 1851. See the photo below for the nice front page illustration headed: "The Fire Annihilator" with a nice, detailed article on it as well. You get the complete 8 page issue, some damp staining and browning at the margins, some wear at the edges as well. Early &amp; unusual item! </description-text>
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    <header></header>
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    <subheader></subheader>
    <topics>   </topics>
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    <updated-at type="datetime">2007-09-03T23:54:06-04:00</updated-at>
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    <created-at type="datetime">2008-07-29T14:08:46-04:00</created-at>
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    <date type="date">1851-10-04</date>
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    <description>GLEASON'S PICTORIAL Boston, Oct. 4, 1851&amp;nbsp; The photos show the very nice half page print appearing on an inside page and captioned: &amp;quot;The Celebrated Yacht America&amp;quot; being the vessel which won the now-famous international yacht race the very first year it was held, hence the name &amp;quot;America's Cup&amp;quot;. This race remains yacht racing's most coveted prize to this day. There is detailed description of the yacht on the adjacent page. &lt;br /&gt;
About a third of a page has a print: &amp;quot;American Reaping Machine&amp;quot; with text about this important invention by Cyrus McCormick. Halfpg: &amp;quot;The Daily Sun Building, Baltimore, Maryland&amp;quot; with a detailed article. Almost a halfpg: &amp;quot;Encampment Of Gipsies&amp;quot;. A bit of lite foxing in the lower and left margins around the America print, some foxing as well in the lower right corner, and just a few traces of foxing in the print. Piece clipped from the lower right corner of the ftpg., lite wear at the spine, occasional foxing.</description>
    <description-text>GLEASON'S PICTORIAL Boston, Oct. 4, 1851  The photos show the very nice half page print appearing on an inside page and captioned: "The Celebrated Yacht America" being the vessel which won the now-famous international yacht race the very first year it was held, hence the name "America's Cup". This race remains yacht racing's most coveted prize to this day. There is detailed description of the yacht on the adjacent page. 
About a third of a page has a print: "American Reaping Machine" with text about this important invention by Cyrus McCormick. Halfpg: "The Daily Sun Building, Baltimore, Maryland" with a detailed article. Almost a halfpg: "Encampment Of Gipsies". A bit of lite foxing in the lower and left margins around the America print, some foxing as well in the lower right corner, and just a few traces of foxing in the print. Piece clipped from the lower right corner of the ftpg., lite wear at the spine, occasional foxing.</description-text>
    <folder-id type="integer">4</folder-id>
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    <subheader>Yacht "America" wins the first America's Cup race...</subheader>
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    <updated-at type="datetime">2008-09-04T12:33:20-04:00</updated-at>
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    <date type="date">1851-10-04</date>
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    <description>GLEASON'S PICTORIAL, Boston, Massachusetts, October 4, 1851&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* 1st America's Cup&lt;br /&gt;
* Yachting - Yachts&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;* Prints&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The photos show the very nice half page print appearing on an inside page and captioned: &amp;quot;The Celebrated Yacht America&amp;quot; being the vessel which won the now-famous international yacht race the very first year it was held, hence the name &amp;quot;America's Cup&amp;quot;. This race remains yacht racing's most coveted prize to this day. There is detailed description of the yacht on the adjacent page. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
About a third of a page has a print: &amp;quot;American Reaping Machine&amp;quot; with text about this important invention by Cyrus McCormick. Half page: &amp;quot;The Daily Sun Building, Baltimore, Maryland&amp;quot; with a detailed article. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Almost a half page: &amp;quot;Encampment Of Gipsies&amp;quot;. A bit of lite foxing in the lower and left margins around the America print, some foxing as well in the lower right corner, and just a few traces of foxing in the print. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Minor margin wear and little light foxing, otherwise in nice condition.</description>
    <description-text>GLEASON'S PICTORIAL, Boston, Massachusetts, October 4, 1851 

* 1st America's Cup
* Yachting - Yachts
* Prints

The photos show the very nice half page print appearing on an inside page and captioned: "The Celebrated Yacht America" being the vessel which won the now-famous international yacht race the very first year it was held, hence the name "America's Cup". This race remains yacht racing's most coveted prize to this day. There is detailed description of the yacht on the adjacent page. 

About a third of a page has a print: "American Reaping Machine" with text about this important invention by Cyrus McCormick. Half page: "The Daily Sun Building, Baltimore, Maryland" with a detailed article. 

Almost a half page: "Encampment Of Gipsies". A bit of lite foxing in the lower and left margins around the America print, some foxing as well in the lower right corner, and just a few traces of foxing in the print. 

Minor margin wear and little light foxing, otherwise in nice condition.</description-text>
    <folder-id type="integer">4</folder-id>
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    <id type="integer">558859</id>
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    <subheader>Yacht "Amemerica's Cup race...rica" wins the first A</subheader>
    <topics>sup159x</topics>
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    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-10-26T12:30:05-04:00</updated-at>
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    <date type="date">1851-11-08</date>
    <date-range-end type="date" nil="true"></date-range-end>
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    <description>SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, N. Y., Nov. 8, 1851 The ftpg. has two
illustrations of a "Steam Engine Regulator". Two smaller illustrations
inside of "Ericsson's Caloric Engine". Foxing in the masthead.</description>
    <description-text>SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, N. Y., Nov. 8, 1851 The ftpg. has two
illustrations of a "Steam Engine Regulator". Two smaller illustrations
inside of "Ericsson's Caloric Engine". Foxing in the masthead.</description-text>
    <folder-id type="integer" nil="true"></folder-id>
    <header></header>
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    <price type="decimal">11.0</price>
    <price-updated-at type="datetime">2005-07-26T16:05:49-04:00</price-updated-at>
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    <state nil="true"></state>
    <subheader></subheader>
    <topics>   </topics>
    <treat-as-catalog-item type="boolean">false</treat-as-catalog-item>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2007-09-03T23:53:43-04:00</updated-at>
    <updated-system-user-id type="integer">11</updated-system-user-id>
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    <city nil="true"></city>
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    <contents-reviewed type="boolean">false</contents-reviewed>
    <created-at type="datetime">2004-12-16T14:09:13-05:00</created-at>
    <created-system-user-id type="integer">12</created-system-user-id>
    <date type="date">1852-01-01</date>
    <date-range-end type="date" nil="true"></date-range-end>
    <date-range-start type="date" nil="true"></date-range-start>
    <description>Inventors &amp;amp; Inventions Collection I  The Late 1800s Set - Each set contains 5 issues of The Scientific American Magazine, one each from 1850s, 1860s, 1870s, 1880s and 1890s. Follow scientific and technological progress through the 2nd half of the 1800s. Many inventions seemed like great idea at the time, but An interesting look at both the accomplishments and failures of over 100 years ago.</description>
    <description-text>Inventors &amp; Inventions Collection I  The Late 1800s Set - Each set contains 5 issues of The Scientific American Magazine, one each from 1850s, 1860s, 1870s, 1880s and 1890s. Follow scientific and technological progress through the 2nd half of the 1800s. Many inventions seemed like great idea at the time, but An interesting look at both the accomplishments and failures of over 100 years ago.</description-text>
    <folder-id type="integer" nil="true"></folder-id>
    <header>Inventor's &amp; Inventions Collection I</header>
    <id type="integer">180180</id>
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    <price type="decimal">42.0</price>
    <price-updated-at type="datetime">2006-03-23T14:24:16-05:00</price-updated-at>
    <quantity type="integer">1</quantity>
    <state nil="true"></state>
    <subheader>The Late 1800's Set</subheader>
    <topics> featuredcollection</topics>
    <treat-as-catalog-item type="boolean">false</treat-as-catalog-item>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2007-09-03T23:56:04-04:00</updated-at>
    <updated-system-user-id type="integer">17</updated-system-user-id>
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    <created-at type="datetime">2009-01-14T15:36:29-05:00</created-at>
    <created-system-user-id type="integer">18</created-system-user-id>
    <date type="date">1854-02-11</date>
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    <description>SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, New York City, February 11, 1854&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;* Renton's Furnace&lt;br /&gt;
* The Great Telegraph Case&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This paper is 8 pages in length. The ftpg. has a 6 by 6 inch illustration and a report: &amp;quot;Renton's Furnace For Making Wrought Iron From The Ore&amp;quot;. There is also a report about &amp;quot;The Great Telegraph Case&amp;quot; stating an injunction was granted to Professor Morse against Mr. O'Reilly by the Supreme Court. Other news of the day included. In very good condition. (See photos)</description>
    <description-text>SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, New York City, February 11, 1854

* Renton's Furnace
* The Great Telegraph Case

This paper is 8 pages in length. The ftpg. has a 6 by 6 inch illustration and a report: "Renton's Furnace For Making Wrought Iron From The Ore". There is also a report about "The Great Telegraph Case" stating an injunction was granted to Professor Morse against Mr. O'Reilly by the Supreme Court. Other news of the day included. In very good condition. (See photos)</description-text>
    <folder-id type="integer">4</folder-id>
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    <image-range-batch>1.h4.2009</image-range-batch>
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    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-02-02T12:53:06-05:00</updated-at>
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    <created-at type="datetime">2007-11-09T11:46:18-05:00</created-at>
    <created-system-user-id type="integer">15</created-system-user-id>
    <date type="date">1854-05-01</date>
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    <description>THE PEOPLES JOURNAL, New York, May, 1854&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
* Uncommon illustrated magazine&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Taking most of an inside page is an engraving: &amp;quot;Hudson River Railroad.--St. Anthonys Tunnel. &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Other topics and prints throughout. Has content relating to science, agriculture, invention and useful knowledge, plus many engravings. Quarto-size, 32 pgs., lite outer wear, occasional foxing.</description>
    <description-text>THE PEOPLES JOURNAL, New York, May, 1854
 
* Uncommon illustrated magazine

Taking most of an inside page is an engraving: "Hudson River Railroad.--St. Anthonys Tunnel. "

Other topics and prints throughout. Has content relating to science, agriculture, invention and useful knowledge, plus many engravings. Quarto-size, 32 pgs., lite outer wear, occasional foxing.</description-text>
    <folder-id type="integer">3</folder-id>
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    <created-at type="datetime">2009-03-27T09:45:04-04:00</created-at>
    <created-system-user-id type="integer">7</created-system-user-id>
    <date type="date">1854-06-01</date>
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    <description>PEOPLE'S JOURNAL, from New York, New York, dated June, 1854&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* Madison Capital House&lt;br /&gt;
* Prints&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
An engraving of the Capital House Hotel takes most of an inside page. Some details about the hotel located in Madison, Wisconsin WI,  described as &amp;quot;...the most beautiful and picturesque State Capital in our Union.&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Other topics with prints throughout. An uncommon title with content similar to Scientific American. Measures about 10 3/4 by 7 3/4, has 32 pages, lite wear, otherwise nice.</description>
    <description-text>PEOPLE'S JOURNAL, from New York, New York, dated June, 1854

* Madison Capital House
* Prints

An engraving of the Capital House Hotel takes most of an inside page. Some details about the hotel located in Madison, Wisconsin WI,  described as "...the most beautiful and picturesque State Capital in our Union." 

Other topics with prints throughout. An uncommon title with content similar to Scientific American. Measures about 10 3/4 by 7 3/4, has 32 pages, lite wear, otherwise nice.</description-text>
    <folder-id type="integer">3</folder-id>
    <header nil="true"></header>
    <id type="integer">556998</id>
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    <price type="decimal">19.0</price>
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    <subheader>Capital House Hotel...</subheader>
    <topics nil="true"></topics>
    <treat-as-catalog-item type="boolean">false</treat-as-catalog-item>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-08-27T15:14:04-04:00</updated-at>
    <updated-system-user-id type="integer">5</updated-system-user-id>
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    <contents-reviewed type="boolean">false</contents-reviewed>
    <created-at type="datetime">2008-04-11T09:19:47-04:00</created-at>
    <created-system-user-id type="integer">15</created-system-user-id>
    <date type="date">1855-10-16</date>
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    <description>&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;NEW-YORK DAILY TIMES, New York City, New York, October 16, 1855&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;* Dr. Elisha Kane&lt;br /&gt;
* Arctic Expedition&lt;br /&gt;
* Grinnell expedition&lt;br /&gt;
* Sir John Franklin search&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Page 2 has: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Second Grinnell Expedition&lt;br /&gt;
* Dr. Kane's Official Account of his Late Arctic Adventures&lt;br /&gt;
* Important Scientific Discoveries&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Other news of the day includes: &amp;quot;Nicaragua&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Trial For Murder&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Affairs In Kansas&amp;quot; and much more.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
8 pages in good condition.</description>
    <description-text> NEW-YORK DAILY TIMES, New York City, New York, October 16, 1855

* Dr. Elisha Kane
* Arctic Expedition
* Grinnell expedition
* Sir John Franklin search

Page 2 has: 

* Second Grinnell Expedition
* Dr. Kane's Official Account of his Late Arctic Adventures
* Important Scientific Discoveries

Other news of the day includes: "Nicaragua" "Trial For Murder" "Affairs In Kansas" and much more.

8 pages in good condition.</description-text>
    <folder-id type="integer">6</folder-id>
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    <price-updated-at type="datetime">2008-04-11T09:19:47-04:00</price-updated-at>
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    <state nil="true"></state>
    <subheader>EXPLORATION AND EXPEDITIONS...</subheader>
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    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-01-12T10:01:20-05:00</updated-at>
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