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    <created-system-user-id type="integer">12</created-system-user-id>
    <date type="date">1680-01-01</date>
    <date-range-end type="date" nil="true"></date-range-end>
    <date-range-start type="date" nil="true"></date-range-start>
    <description>THE WEEKLY PACQUET OF ADVICE FROM ROME, OR THE HISTORY OF POPERY, London, 1680-1683&amp;nbsp; An unusual anti-Catholic newspaper which had a short life before being suppressed. Measures 5 3/4 by 7 1/2 inches and in great condition. The issue shown in the photo is generic; the issue you receive will have a similar but different date in the range of1680-1683.</description>
    <description-text>THE WEEKLY PACQUET OF ADVICE FROM ROME, OR THE HISTORY OF POPERY, London, 1680-1683  An unusual anti-Catholic newspaper which had a short life before being suppressed. Measures 5 3/4 by 7 1/2 inches and in great condition. The issue shown in the photo is generic; the issue you receive will have a similar but different date in the range of1680-1683.</description-text>
    <folder-id type="integer">1</folder-id>
    <header nil="true"></header>
    <id type="integer">120730</id>
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    <image-range-end>20730</image-range-end>
    <image-range-start>20730</image-range-start>
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    <price type="decimal">31.0</price>
    <price-updated-at type="datetime">2007-05-03T13:17:03-04:00</price-updated-at>
    <quantity type="integer">0</quantity>
    <state nil="true"></state>
    <subheader>A 325+ year old newspaper...</subheader>
    <topics>  </topics>
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    <updated-at type="datetime">2010-01-14T14:04:19-05:00</updated-at>
    <updated-system-user-id type="integer">13</updated-system-user-id>
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    <city nil="true"></city>
    <comments nil="true"></comments>
    <contents-reviewed type="boolean">false</contents-reviewed>
    <created-at type="datetime">2008-09-15T11:48:15-04:00</created-at>
    <created-system-user-id type="integer">4</created-system-user-id>
    <date type="date">1680-07-16</date>
    <date-range-end type="date" nil="true"></date-range-end>
    <date-range-start type="date" nil="true"></date-range-start>
    <description>THE ANTI-ROMAN PACQUET OR MEMOIRS OF POPES &amp;amp; POPERY, London, dated July 16, 1680. &amp;nbsp; A quite scarce, variant title of the &amp;quot;Weekly Packet of Advice from Rome or the History of Popery&amp;quot; as found in item #120730, which had a short life before being suppressed. Measures about 7 by 9 inches, complete in 8 pages with the back leaf being a sheet titled: &amp;quot;The Popes Harbinger&amp;quot;. Nice condition with a hint of damp staining to some margins.</description>
    <description-text>THE ANTI-ROMAN PACQUET OR MEMOIRS OF POPES &amp; POPERY, London, dated July 16, 1680.   A quite scarce, variant title of the "Weekly Packet of Advice from Rome or the History of Popery" as found in item #120730, which had a short life before being suppressed. Measures about 7 by 9 inches, complete in 8 pages with the back leaf being a sheet titled: "The Popes Harbinger". Nice condition with a hint of damp staining to some margins.</description-text>
    <folder-id type="integer">1</folder-id>
    <header nil="true"></header>
    <id type="integer">550528</id>
    <image-range-batch>8.81.2008</image-range-batch>
    <image-range-end>image091</image-range-end>
    <image-range-start>image085</image-range-start>
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    <price type="decimal">64.0</price>
    <price-updated-at type="datetime">2008-09-15T11:48:15-04:00</price-updated-at>
    <quantity type="integer">1</quantity>
    <state nil="true"></state>
    <subheader>Rare, variant title from the 1600's...</subheader>
    <topics>sup160b</topics>
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    <updated-at type="datetime">2008-10-11T08:55:24-04:00</updated-at>
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    <created-at type="datetime">2009-05-20T14:34:03-04:00</created-at>
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    <date type="date">1681-01-18</date>
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    <description>THE OBSERVATOR, London, England, January 18, 1681&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;* 17th century original&lt;br /&gt;
* Uncommon title&lt;br /&gt;
* Woman publisher&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is a handsome dialogue newspaper founded by Sir Roger L'Estrange, a Tory pamphleteer, as a vehicle for attacking dissenters and Whigs. Done in a dialogue format, between Whig &amp;amp; Tory. This early single sheet newspaper has the old style type making it great for framing, but the most intriguing aspect of this issue is that the imprint at the bottom of the back page reads: &amp;quot;London, Printed for Joanna Brome, at the Gun in S. Paul's Church-yard.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;I believe this to be the earliest periodical we have seem done by a woman publisher. Could it be the earliest woman publisher to be found? Very nice condition.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
BACKGROUND: &amp;quot;In 1679, he assailed Shaftesbury and the exclusionists in pamphlets which won him the royal regard. During the next year, he was in the thick of the controversy about the popish plot, labouring to allay the popular fury against Roman Catholics. His denunciations of Oates and other informers led to machinations against himself. He was falsely accused of endeavouring by bribery to secure the defamation of Oates, and he was charged with being a papist. He was acquitted by the council; but public opinion ran so high against him that he fled, for a short time, to Holland. To employ a phrase in the title of one of his tracts, a whole Litter of Libellers assailed him at this season; but the Dog Towzer was not to be thus daunted. He returned in February, 1681, and kept the press busy, not only with apologetic pamphlets, but with bitter assaults upon the dissenters and with one of the most important of his works, his political newspaper The Observator: In Question and Answer.</description>
    <description-text>THE OBSERVATOR, London, England, January 18, 1681

* 17th century original
* Uncommon title
* Woman publisher

This is a handsome dialogue newspaper founded by Sir Roger L'Estrange, a Tory pamphleteer, as a vehicle for attacking dissenters and Whigs. Done in a dialogue format, between Whig &amp; Tory. This early single sheet newspaper has the old style type making it great for framing, but the most intriguing aspect of this issue is that the imprint at the bottom of the back page reads: "London, Printed for Joanna Brome, at the Gun in S. Paul's Church-yard."

 I believe this to be the earliest periodical we have seem done by a woman publisher. Could it be the earliest woman publisher to be found? Very nice condition.

BACKGROUND: "In 1679, he assailed Shaftesbury and the exclusionists in pamphlets which won him the royal regard. During the next year, he was in the thick of the controversy about the popish plot, labouring to allay the popular fury against Roman Catholics. His denunciations of Oates and other informers led to machinations against himself. He was falsely accused of endeavouring by bribery to secure the defamation of Oates, and he was charged with being a papist. He was acquitted by the council; but public opinion ran so high against him that he fled, for a short time, to Holland. To employ a phrase in the title of one of his tracts, a whole Litter of Libellers assailed him at this season; but the Dog Towzer was not to be thus daunted. He returned in February, 1681, and kept the press busy, not only with apologetic pamphlets, but with bitter assaults upon the dissenters and with one of the most important of his works, his political newspaper The Observator: In Question and Answer.</description-text>
    <folder-id type="integer">3</folder-id>
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    <id type="integer">558734</id>
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    <price type="decimal">32.0</price>
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    <subheader>1682 Woman Publisher...</subheader>
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    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-07-09T14:47:47-04:00</updated-at>
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    <city nil="true"></city>
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    <created-at type="datetime">2009-03-30T13:20:19-04:00</created-at>
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    <date type="date">1681-01-23</date>
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    <description>THE OBSERVATOR, London, England, January 23, 1681&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;* 17th century original&lt;br /&gt;
* Uncommon title&lt;br /&gt;
* Woman publisher&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is a handsome dialogue newspaper founded by Sir Roger L'Estrange, a Tory pamphleteer, as a vehicle for attacking dissenters and Whigs. Done in a dialogue format, between Whig &amp;amp; Tory. This early single sheet newspaper has the old style type making it great for framing, but the most intriguing aspect of this issue is that the imprint at the bottom of the back page reads: &amp;quot;London, Printed for Joanna Brome, at the Gun in S. Paul's Church-yard.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;I believe this to be the earliest periodical we have seen done by a woman publisher. Could it be the earliest woman publisher to be found? Very nice condition.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND: &amp;quot;In 1679, he assailed Shaftesbury and the exclusionists in pamphlets which won him the royal regard. During the next year, he was in the thick of the controversy about the popish plot, labouring to allay the popular fury against Roman Catholics. His denunciations of Oates and other informers led to machinations against himself. He was falsely accused of endeavouring by bribery to secure the defamation of Oates, and he was charged with being a papist. He was acquitted by the council; but public opinion ran so high against him that he fled, for a short time, to Holland. To employ a phrase in the title of one of his tracts, a whole Litter of Libellers assailed him at this season; but the Dog Towzer was not to be thus daunted. He returned in February, 1681, and kept the press busy, not only with apologetic pamphlets, but with bitter assaults upon the dissenters and with one of the most important of his works, his political newspaper The Observator: In Question and Answer.</description>
    <description-text>THE OBSERVATOR, London, England, January 23, 1681

* 17th century original
* Uncommon title
* Woman publisher

This is a handsome dialogue newspaper founded by Sir Roger L'Estrange, a Tory pamphleteer, as a vehicle for attacking dissenters and Whigs. Done in a dialogue format, between Whig &amp; Tory. This early single sheet newspaper has the old style type making it great for framing, but the most intriguing aspect of this issue is that the imprint at the bottom of the back page reads: "London, Printed for Joanna Brome, at the Gun in S. Paul's Church-yard."

 I believe this to be the earliest periodical we have seen done by a woman publisher. Could it be the earliest woman publisher to be found? Very nice condition.

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND: "In 1679, he assailed Shaftesbury and the exclusionists in pamphlets which won him the royal regard. During the next year, he was in the thick of the controversy about the popish plot, labouring to allay the popular fury against Roman Catholics. His denunciations of Oates and other informers led to machinations against himself. He was falsely accused of endeavouring by bribery to secure the defamation of Oates, and he was charged with being a papist. He was acquitted by the council; but public opinion ran so high against him that he fled, for a short time, to Holland. To employ a phrase in the title of one of his tracts, a whole Litter of Libellers assailed him at this season; but the Dog Towzer was not to be thus daunted. He returned in February, 1681, and kept the press busy, not only with apologetic pamphlets, but with bitter assaults upon the dissenters and with one of the most important of his works, his political newspaper The Observator: In Question and Answer.</description-text>
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    <id type="integer">557069</id>
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    <price type="decimal">32.0</price>
    <price-updated-at type="datetime">2009-03-30T13:20:19-04:00</price-updated-at>
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    <subheader>1682 Woman Publisher...</subheader>
    <topics nil="true"></topics>
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    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-06-02T08:20:46-04:00</updated-at>
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    <city nil="true"></city>
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    <created-at type="datetime">2009-05-20T14:35:36-04:00</created-at>
    <created-system-user-id type="integer">7</created-system-user-id>
    <date type="date">1681-02-04</date>
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    <description>THE OBSERVATOR, London, England, February 4, 1681&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;* 17th century original&lt;br /&gt;
* Uncommon title&lt;br /&gt;
* Woman publisher&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is a handsome dialogue newspaper founded by Sir Roger L'Estrange, a Tory pamphleteer, as a vehicle for attacking dissenters and Whigs. Done in a dialogue format, between Whig &amp;amp; Tory. This early single sheet newspaper has the old style type making it great for framing, but the most intriguing aspect of this issue is that the imprint at the bottom of the back page reads: &amp;quot;London, Printed for Joanna Brome, at the Gun in S. Paul's Church-yard.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;I believe this to be the earliest periodical we have seem done by a woman publisher. Could it be the earliest woman publisher to be found? Very nice condition.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND: &amp;quot;In 1679, he assailed Shaftesbury and the exclusionists in pamphlets which won him the royal regard. During the next year, he was in the thick of the controversy about the popish plot, labouring to allay the popular fury against Roman Catholics. His denunciations of Oates and other informers led to machinations against himself. He was falsely accused of endeavouring by bribery to secure the defamation of Oates, and he was charged with being a papist. He was acquitted by the council; but public opinion ran so high against him that he fled, for a short time, to Holland. To employ a phrase in the title of one of his tracts, a whole Litter of Libellers assailed him at this season; but the Dog Towzer was not to be thus daunted. He returned in February, 1681, and kept the press busy, not only with apologetic pamphlets, but with bitter assaults upon the dissenters and with one of the most important of his works, his political newspaper The Observator: In Question and Answer.</description>
    <description-text>THE OBSERVATOR, London, England, February 4, 1681

* 17th century original
* Uncommon title
* Woman publisher

This is a handsome dialogue newspaper founded by Sir Roger L'Estrange, a Tory pamphleteer, as a vehicle for attacking dissenters and Whigs. Done in a dialogue format, between Whig &amp; Tory. This early single sheet newspaper has the old style type making it great for framing, but the most intriguing aspect of this issue is that the imprint at the bottom of the back page reads: "London, Printed for Joanna Brome, at the Gun in S. Paul's Church-yard."

 I believe this to be the earliest periodical we have seem done by a woman publisher. Could it be the earliest woman publisher to be found? Very nice condition.

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND: "In 1679, he assailed Shaftesbury and the exclusionists in pamphlets which won him the royal regard. During the next year, he was in the thick of the controversy about the popish plot, labouring to allay the popular fury against Roman Catholics. His denunciations of Oates and other informers led to machinations against himself. He was falsely accused of endeavouring by bribery to secure the defamation of Oates, and he was charged with being a papist. He was acquitted by the council; but public opinion ran so high against him that he fled, for a short time, to Holland. To employ a phrase in the title of one of his tracts, a whole Litter of Libellers assailed him at this season; but the Dog Towzer was not to be thus daunted. He returned in February, 1681, and kept the press busy, not only with apologetic pamphlets, but with bitter assaults upon the dissenters and with one of the most important of his works, his political newspaper The Observator: In Question and Answer.</description-text>
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    <id type="integer">558735</id>
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    <price type="decimal">32.0</price>
    <price-updated-at type="datetime">2009-05-20T14:35:36-04:00</price-updated-at>
    <quantity type="integer">1</quantity>
    <state nil="true"></state>
    <subheader>1682 Woman Publisher...</subheader>
    <topics nil="true"></topics>
    <treat-as-catalog-item type="boolean">false</treat-as-catalog-item>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-06-22T12:55:47-04:00</updated-at>
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    <city nil="true"></city>
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    <created-at type="datetime" nil="true"></created-at>
    <created-system-user-id type="integer">12</created-system-user-id>
    <date type="date">1683-01-01</date>
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    <description>THE OBSERVATOR, London, 1683 A dialogue newspaper founded by Sir Roger L'Estrange, a Tory pamphleteer, as a vehicle for attacking dissenters and Whigs. This early singlesheet newspaper has the old style type making it great for framing.  &lt;span id="WebsiteItems__ctl15_Description"&gt;&lt;span id="WebsiteItems__ctl3_Description"&gt;The photo below is &amp;quot;generic&amp;quot; although the issue you will receive will be dated in 1683 and will have a similar look.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Measures 8 x 12 inches. Great item. Great condition.</description>
    <description-text>THE OBSERVATOR, London, 1683 A dialogue newspaper founded by Sir Roger L'Estrange, a Tory pamphleteer, as a vehicle for attacking dissenters and Whigs. This early singlesheet newspaper has the old style type making it great for framing.  The photo below is "generic" although the issue you will receive will be dated in 1683 and will have a similar look. Measures 8 x 12 inches. Great item. Great condition.</description-text>
    <folder-id type="integer">3</folder-id>
    <header nil="true"></header>
    <id type="integer">121017</id>
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    <price type="decimal">27.0</price>
    <price-updated-at type="datetime">2007-08-21T09:27:20-04:00</price-updated-at>
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    <subheader>From the 1600's...</subheader>
    <topics> coffee house     </topics>
    <treat-as-catalog-item type="boolean">false</treat-as-catalog-item>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-08-28T13:35:31-04:00</updated-at>
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    <created-system-user-id type="integer">12</created-system-user-id>
    <date type="date">1684-01-01</date>
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    <date-range-start type="date" nil="true"></date-range-start>
    <description>&lt;span id="WebsiteItems__ctl3_Description"&gt;
&lt;div&gt;THE OBSERVATOR, London, England, 1684.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A dialogue newspaper founded by Sir Roger L'Estrange, a Tory pamphleteer, as a vehicle for attacking dissenters and Whigs. This early singlesheet newspaper has the old style type making it great for framing (see photo) particularly with the over 320 year old date clearly visible in the dateline.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The photo below is &amp;quot;generic&amp;quot; although the issue you will receive will be dated in 1684 and will have a similar look. Measures 8 x 12 inches and is printed on high quality, rag paper.&amp;nbsp; Great condition.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;</description>
    <description-text>
THE OBSERVATOR, London, England, 1684.  

A dialogue newspaper founded by Sir Roger L'Estrange, a Tory pamphleteer, as a vehicle for attacking dissenters and Whigs. This early singlesheet newspaper has the old style type making it great for framing (see photo) particularly with the over 320 year old date clearly visible in the dateline.  

The photo below is "generic" although the issue you will receive will be dated in 1684 and will have a similar look. Measures 8 x 12 inches and is printed on high quality, rag paper.  Great condition.
</description-text>
    <folder-id type="integer">3</folder-id>
    <header nil="true"></header>
    <id type="integer">120511</id>
    <image-range-batch>8.1.2006</image-range-batch>
    <image-range-end>image004</image-range-end>
    <image-range-start>image002</image-range-start>
    <image-thumbnail-available type="integer">1</image-thumbnail-available>
    <inventory-item-type-id type="integer">1</inventory-item-type-id>
    <inventory-reference nil="true"></inventory-reference>
    <is-active type="boolean">true</is-active>
    <is-active-reason nil="true"></is-active-reason>
    <is-generic type="boolean">true</is-generic>
    <is-offered-second-rate type="boolean">false</is-offered-second-rate>
    <is-similar type="boolean">false</is-similar>
    <legacy-number nil="true"></legacy-number>
    <message type="NilClass" nil="true"></message>
    <newspaper-title-id type="integer" nil="true"></newspaper-title-id>
    <override-shipping type="decimal" nil="true"></override-shipping>
    <price type="decimal">27.0</price>
    <price-updated-at type="datetime">2007-08-01T13:14:33-04:00</price-updated-at>
    <quantity type="integer">0</quantity>
    <state nil="true"></state>
    <subheader>Handsome, 300+ year old newspaper...</subheader>
    <topics> coffee house     </topics>
    <treat-as-catalog-item type="boolean">false</treat-as-catalog-item>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2010-03-04T12:03:05-05:00</updated-at>
    <updated-system-user-id type="integer">13</updated-system-user-id>
  </web-item>
  <web-item>
    <city nil="true"></city>
    <comments nil="true"></comments>
    <contents-reviewed type="boolean">false</contents-reviewed>
    <created-at type="datetime" nil="true"></created-at>
    <created-system-user-id type="integer">12</created-system-user-id>
    <date type="date">1685-01-01</date>
    <date-range-end type="date" nil="true"></date-range-end>
    <date-range-start type="date" nil="true"></date-range-start>
    <description>THE OBSERVATOR, London, early/mid 1680's&amp;nbsp; &lt;strong&gt;A LOT OF 8 ISSUES&lt;/strong&gt;. A dialogue newspaper founded by Sir Roger L'Estrange, a Tory pamphleteer, as a vehicle for attacking dissenters and Whigs. This early single sheet newspaper has the old style type making it great for framing. Measures 8 by 12 inches. and is in very nice condition. I sell for $25 each individually, so offered here at a considerable discount. This is a nice package to help build a collection.</description>
    <description-text>THE OBSERVATOR, London, early/mid 1680's  A LOT OF 8 ISSUES. A dialogue newspaper founded by Sir Roger L'Estrange, a Tory pamphleteer, as a vehicle for attacking dissenters and Whigs. This early single sheet newspaper has the old style type making it great for framing. Measures 8 by 12 inches. and is in very nice condition. I sell for $25 each individually, so offered here at a considerable discount. This is a nice package to help build a collection.</description-text>
    <folder-id type="integer">3</folder-id>
    <header nil="true"></header>
    <id type="integer">180009</id>
    <image-range-batch>webimages</image-range-batch>
    <image-range-end>80009</image-range-end>
    <image-range-start>80009</image-range-start>
    <image-thumbnail-available type="integer">1</image-thumbnail-available>
    <inventory-item-type-id type="integer">1</inventory-item-type-id>
    <inventory-reference nil="true"></inventory-reference>
    <is-active type="boolean">true</is-active>
    <is-active-reason nil="true"></is-active-reason>
    <is-generic type="boolean">true</is-generic>
    <is-offered-second-rate type="boolean">false</is-offered-second-rate>
    <is-similar type="boolean">false</is-similar>
    <legacy-number nil="true"></legacy-number>
    <message type="NilClass">Wholesale Lot:  typically, more than one available!</message>
    <newspaper-title-id type="integer" nil="true"></newspaper-title-id>
    <override-shipping type="decimal" nil="true"></override-shipping>
    <price type="decimal">128.0</price>
    <price-updated-at type="datetime">2009-06-09T13:17:33-04:00</price-updated-at>
    <quantity type="integer">0</quantity>
    <state nil="true"></state>
    <subheader>Sir Roger L'Estrange...  Quite early from London...</subheader>
    <topics> coffee house wholesalelot</topics>
    <treat-as-catalog-item type="boolean">true</treat-as-catalog-item>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-12-18T12:05:40-05:00</updated-at>
    <updated-system-user-id type="integer">13</updated-system-user-id>
  </web-item>
  <web-item>
    <city nil="true"></city>
    <comments nil="true"></comments>
    <contents-reviewed type="boolean">false</contents-reviewed>
    <created-at type="datetime">2006-04-05T08:30:45-04:00</created-at>
    <created-system-user-id type="integer">7</created-system-user-id>
    <date type="date">1693-02-21</date>
    <date-range-end type="date" nil="true"></date-range-end>
    <date-range-start type="date" nil="true"></date-range-start>
    <description>THE ATHENIAN MERCURY, London, February 21, 1693&amp;nbsp; This was a fine gentlemen's newspaper which was very popular in the coffeehouses of early England. Interesting reading on a wide range of topics &amp;amp; one of the earliest periodicals in English. Partially in question/answer format.&lt;br /&gt;
The back page has an advertisement for the book: &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;The late TRYALS of Several&amp;nbsp; WITCHES In New-England&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; by Cotton Mather. This is the only periodical that I have ever seen with any reference to the famous Witch Trials at Salem, Massachusetts. &lt;br /&gt;
A unique and very uncommon item! A quarto-size singlesheet with a few lite dampstains, otherwise in nice condition.</description>
    <description-text>THE ATHENIAN MERCURY, London, February 21, 1693  This was a fine gentlemen's newspaper which was very popular in the coffeehouses of early England. Interesting reading on a wide range of topics &amp; one of the earliest periodicals in English. Partially in question/answer format.
The back page has an advertisement for the book: "The late TRYALS of Several  WITCHES In New-England" by Cotton Mather. This is the only periodical that I have ever seen with any reference to the famous Witch Trials at Salem, Massachusetts. 
A unique and very uncommon item! A quarto-size singlesheet with a few lite dampstains, otherwise in nice condition.</description-text>
    <folder-id type="integer">3</folder-id>
    <header nil="true"></header>
    <id type="integer">210922</id>
    <image-range-batch>4.8.2006</image-range-batch>
    <image-range-end>image005</image-range-end>
    <image-range-start>image001</image-range-start>
    <image-thumbnail-available type="integer">1</image-thumbnail-available>
    <inventory-item-type-id type="integer">1</inventory-item-type-id>
    <inventory-reference nil="true"></inventory-reference>
    <is-active type="boolean">true</is-active>
    <is-active-reason nil="true"></is-active-reason>
    <is-generic type="boolean">false</is-generic>
    <is-offered-second-rate type="boolean">false</is-offered-second-rate>
    <is-similar type="boolean">true</is-similar>
    <legacy-number nil="true"></legacy-number>
    <message type="NilClass" nil="true"></message>
    <newspaper-title-id type="integer" nil="true"></newspaper-title-id>
    <override-shipping type="decimal" nil="true"></override-shipping>
    <price type="decimal">325.0</price>
    <price-updated-at type="datetime">2008-12-15T12:57:56-05:00</price-updated-at>
    <quantity type="integer">0</quantity>
    <state nil="true"></state>
    <subheader>On the Salem witch trials...!</subheader>
    <topics>witchcraft coffee house </topics>
    <treat-as-catalog-item type="boolean">false</treat-as-catalog-item>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-08-28T13:36:30-04:00</updated-at>
    <updated-system-user-id type="integer">3</updated-system-user-id>
  </web-item>
  <web-item>
    <city nil="true"></city>
    <comments nil="true"></comments>
    <contents-reviewed type="boolean">false</contents-reviewed>
    <created-at type="datetime">2009-07-09T15:31:19-04:00</created-at>
    <created-system-user-id type="integer">6</created-system-user-id>
    <date type="date">1693-05-27</date>
    <date-range-end type="date" nil="true"></date-range-end>
    <date-range-start type="date" nil="true"></date-range-start>
    <description>THE ATHENIAN MERCURY, London, England, May 27,1693&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* Very rare &amp;amp; early 17th century issue&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This was a fine gentleman's newspaper which was very popular in the coffeehouses of early England. Interesting reading on a wide range of topics using a question/answer format, &amp;amp; one of the earliest periodicals in English.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Content includes a page 2 question:&lt;em&gt; &amp;quot;...the Reason why Water shall continue to run out of the longest Leg of a Cyphon when once put in motion...&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp; Has a small illustration of a &amp;quot;Cyphon&amp;quot;. Another question asks: &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;In what space of time do you think the whole Mass of Blood Circulates through the Body?&amp;quot; &lt;/em&gt;And there is a follow-up question: &amp;quot;How the Blood can Circulate in an Arm of Leg that is Cut off...&amp;quot;&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There is also a notice about the progress being made in the &amp;quot;Ladies Dictionary&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A single sheet, measures 12 1/4 by 7 5/8 inches, in very good condition.</description>
    <description-text>THE ATHENIAN MERCURY, London, England, May 27,1693

* Very rare &amp; early 17th century issue

This was a fine gentleman's newspaper which was very popular in the coffeehouses of early England. Interesting reading on a wide range of topics using a question/answer format, &amp; one of the earliest periodicals in English.

Content includes a page 2 question: "...the Reason why Water shall continue to run out of the longest Leg of a Cyphon when once put in motion..."  Has a small illustration of a "Cyphon". Another question asks: "In what space of time do you think the whole Mass of Blood Circulates through the Body?" And there is a follow-up question: "How the Blood can Circulate in an Arm of Leg that is Cut off..."  

There is also a notice about the progress being made in the "Ladies Dictionary".

A single sheet, measures 12 1/4 by 7 5/8 inches, in very good condition.</description-text>
    <folder-id type="integer">3</folder-id>
    <header nil="true"></header>
    <id type="integer">560644</id>
    <image-range-batch>8.52.2009</image-range-batch>
    <image-range-end>image081</image-range-end>
    <image-range-start>image076</image-range-start>
    <image-thumbnail-available type="integer">1</image-thumbnail-available>
    <inventory-item-type-id type="integer">1</inventory-item-type-id>
    <inventory-reference nil="true"></inventory-reference>
    <is-active type="boolean">true</is-active>
    <is-active-reason nil="true"></is-active-reason>
    <is-generic type="boolean">false</is-generic>
    <is-offered-second-rate type="boolean">false</is-offered-second-rate>
    <is-similar type="boolean">false</is-similar>
    <legacy-number nil="true"></legacy-number>
    <message type="NilClass" nil="true"></message>
    <newspaper-title-id type="integer" nil="true"></newspaper-title-id>
    <override-shipping type="decimal" nil="true"></override-shipping>
    <price type="decimal">50.0</price>
    <price-updated-at type="datetime">2010-03-04T08:44:23-05:00</price-updated-at>
    <quantity type="integer">1</quantity>
    <state nil="true"></state>
    <subheader>One of the earliest periodicals in English...</subheader>
    <topics>cat167</topics>
    <treat-as-catalog-item type="boolean">true</treat-as-catalog-item>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2010-03-04T08:44:23-05:00</updated-at>
    <updated-system-user-id type="integer">18</updated-system-user-id>
  </web-item>
  <web-item>
    <city nil="true"></city>
    <comments nil="true"></comments>
    <contents-reviewed type="boolean">false</contents-reviewed>
    <created-at type="datetime">2008-12-22T11:34:36-05:00</created-at>
    <created-system-user-id type="integer">7</created-system-user-id>
    <date type="date">1693-06-03</date>
    <date-range-end type="date" nil="true"></date-range-end>
    <date-range-start type="date" nil="true"></date-range-start>
    <description>&lt;strong&gt;THE ATHENIAN MERCURY&lt;/strong&gt;, London, June 3, 1693&amp;nbsp; The back page of this issue has a terrific advertisement for the publication of a book concerning the Salem witch trials, with the ad beginning:&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;This is to give notice that Mr. Increase and Mr. Cotton Mather's New Discourse concerning the New England WITCHES and WITCHCRAFTS are now arriv'd...&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt; with more, and&amp;nbsp; ending with: &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;...Mr. Cotton Mather's First account of the Tryals of the New England Witches, printed on the same size with this last account of Mr. Increase Mather's...&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt; (see photos for the full text).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A rare and unique item relating to one of the most notable events in early colonial American history.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is the only periodical that we have ever seen with any period reference to the famous witch trials at Salem, Massachusetts.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A single sheet measuring about 12 1/4 by 7 1/4 inches, never-trimmed margins, and in good condition.</description>
    <description-text>THE ATHENIAN MERCURY, London, June 3, 1693  The back page of this issue has a terrific advertisement for the publication of a book concerning the Salem witch trials, with the ad beginning: 

"This is to give notice that Mr. Increase and Mr. Cotton Mather's New Discourse concerning the New England WITCHES and WITCHCRAFTS are now arriv'd..." with more, and  ending with: "...Mr. Cotton Mather's First account of the Tryals of the New England Witches, printed on the same size with this last account of Mr. Increase Mather's..." (see photos for the full text).

A rare and unique item relating to one of the most notable events in early colonial American history. 

This is the only periodical that we have ever seen with any period reference to the famous witch trials at Salem, Massachusetts. 

A single sheet measuring about 12 1/4 by 7 1/4 inches, never-trimmed margins, and in good condition.</description-text>
    <folder-id type="integer">3</folder-id>
    <header nil="true"></header>
    <id type="integer">553691</id>
    <image-range-batch>12.60.2008</image-range-batch>
    <image-range-end>image093</image-range-end>
    <image-range-start>image088</image-range-start>
    <image-thumbnail-available type="integer">1</image-thumbnail-available>
    <inventory-item-type-id type="integer">1</inventory-item-type-id>
    <inventory-reference nil="true"></inventory-reference>
    <is-active type="boolean">true</is-active>
    <is-active-reason nil="true"></is-active-reason>
    <is-generic type="boolean">false</is-generic>
    <is-offered-second-rate type="boolean">false</is-offered-second-rate>
    <is-similar type="boolean">false</is-similar>
    <legacy-number nil="true"></legacy-number>
    <message type="NilClass" nil="true"></message>
    <newspaper-title-id type="integer" nil="true"></newspaper-title-id>
    <override-shipping type="decimal" nil="true"></override-shipping>
    <price type="decimal">325.0</price>
    <price-updated-at type="datetime">2008-12-22T11:34:36-05:00</price-updated-at>
    <quantity type="integer">1</quantity>
    <state nil="true"></state>
    <subheader>A book on the Salem witch trials...</subheader>
    <topics nil="true"></topics>
    <treat-as-catalog-item type="boolean">false</treat-as-catalog-item>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2010-02-15T15:31:13-05:00</updated-at>
    <updated-system-user-id type="integer">5</updated-system-user-id>
  </web-item>
  <web-item>
    <city nil="true"></city>
    <comments nil="true"></comments>
    <contents-reviewed type="boolean">false</contents-reviewed>
    <created-at type="datetime" nil="true"></created-at>
    <created-system-user-id type="integer">12</created-system-user-id>
    <date type="date">1695-01-01</date>
    <date-range-end type="date" nil="true"></date-range-end>
    <date-range-start type="date" nil="true"></date-range-start>
    <description>A 300+ year old newspaper titled THE ATHENIAN MERCURY by John Dunton from London, England, dated 1695. This was a fine gentlemen's newspaper which was very popular in the coffeehouses of early England. Interesting reading on a wide range of topics &amp;amp; one of the earliest periodicals in English. Partially in question/answer format. This newspaper was published before any American newspapers even existed. A singlesheet newspaper printed on both sides (typical for the period), measuring about 7 1/2 by 12 1/2 inches. Very nice, clean condition printed on high-quality, cloth-based newsprint.</description>
    <description-text>A 300+ year old newspaper titled THE ATHENIAN MERCURY by John Dunton from London, England, dated 1695. This was a fine gentlemen's newspaper which was very popular in the coffeehouses of early England. Interesting reading on a wide range of topics &amp; one of the earliest periodicals in English. Partially in question/answer format. This newspaper was published before any American newspapers even existed. A singlesheet newspaper printed on both sides (typical for the period), measuring about 7 1/2 by 12 1/2 inches. Very nice, clean condition printed on high-quality, cloth-based newsprint.</description-text>
    <folder-id type="integer">3</folder-id>
    <header nil="true"></header>
    <id type="integer">120350</id>
    <image-range-batch>webimages</image-range-batch>
    <image-range-end>20350</image-range-end>
    <image-range-start>20350</image-range-start>
    <image-thumbnail-available type="integer">1</image-thumbnail-available>
    <inventory-item-type-id type="integer">1</inventory-item-type-id>
    <inventory-reference nil="true"></inventory-reference>
    <is-active type="boolean">true</is-active>
    <is-active-reason nil="true"></is-active-reason>
    <is-generic type="boolean">true</is-generic>
    <is-offered-second-rate type="boolean">false</is-offered-second-rate>
    <is-similar type="boolean">false</is-similar>
    <legacy-number nil="true"></legacy-number>
    <message type="NilClass" nil="true"></message>
    <newspaper-title-id type="integer" nil="true"></newspaper-title-id>
    <override-shipping type="decimal" nil="true"></override-shipping>
    <price type="decimal">39.0</price>
    <price-updated-at type="datetime" nil="true"></price-updated-at>
    <quantity type="integer">0</quantity>
    <state nil="true"></state>
    <subheader nil="true"></subheader>
    <topics> coffee house     </topics>
    <treat-as-catalog-item type="boolean">false</treat-as-catalog-item>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2010-02-08T14:16:50-05:00</updated-at>
    <updated-system-user-id type="integer">13</updated-system-user-id>
  </web-item>
  <web-item>
    <city nil="true"></city>
    <comments nil="true"></comments>
    <contents-reviewed type="boolean">false</contents-reviewed>
    <created-at type="datetime" nil="true"></created-at>
    <created-system-user-id type="integer">12</created-system-user-id>
    <date type="date">1704-01-01</date>
    <date-range-end type="date" nil="true"></date-range-end>
    <date-range-start type="date" nil="true"></date-range-start>
    <description>THE REHEARSAL OF OBSERVATOR, London, England&amp;nbsp; 1704 A variant title --&amp;amp; earlier date--of the newspaper titled &amp;quot;The Rehearsal&amp;quot;, and much less common than it. A single sheet newspaper printed on both sides measuring about 8 by 13 inches.</description>
    <description-text>THE REHEARSAL OF OBSERVATOR, London, England  1704 A variant title --&amp; earlier date--of the newspaper titled "The Rehearsal", and much less common than it. A single sheet newspaper printed on both sides measuring about 8 by 13 inches.</description-text>
    <folder-id type="integer">3</folder-id>
    <header nil="true"></header>
    <id type="integer">120190</id>
    <image-range-batch nil="true"></image-range-batch>
    <image-range-end nil="true"></image-range-end>
    <image-range-start nil="true"></image-range-start>
    <image-thumbnail-available type="integer">1</image-thumbnail-available>
    <inventory-item-type-id type="integer">1</inventory-item-type-id>
    <inventory-reference nil="true"></inventory-reference>
    <is-active type="boolean">true</is-active>
    <is-active-reason nil="true"></is-active-reason>
    <is-generic type="boolean">true</is-generic>
    <is-offered-second-rate type="boolean">false</is-offered-second-rate>
    <is-similar type="boolean">false</is-similar>
    <legacy-number nil="true"></legacy-number>
    <message type="NilClass" nil="true"></message>
    <newspaper-title-id type="integer" nil="true"></newspaper-title-id>
    <override-shipping type="decimal" nil="true"></override-shipping>
    <price type="decimal">36.0</price>
    <price-updated-at type="datetime">2006-12-07T14:55:29-05:00</price-updated-at>
    <quantity type="integer">0</quantity>
    <state nil="true"></state>
    <subheader>A variant and short-lived title...</subheader>
    <topics> coffee house coffee house     </topics>
    <treat-as-catalog-item type="boolean">false</treat-as-catalog-item>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-08-21T13:58:14-04:00</updated-at>
    <updated-system-user-id type="integer">3</updated-system-user-id>
  </web-item>
  <web-item>
    <city nil="true"></city>
    <comments nil="true"></comments>
    <contents-reviewed type="boolean">false</contents-reviewed>
    <created-at type="datetime" nil="true"></created-at>
    <created-system-user-id type="integer">12</created-system-user-id>
    <date type="date">1708-01-01</date>
    <date-range-end type="date" nil="true"></date-range-end>
    <date-range-start type="date" nil="true"></date-range-start>
    <description>THE BRITISH APOLLO, OR CURIOUS AMUSEMENTS FOR THE INGENIOUS and subtitled:       &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;To  Which are Added the Most Material Occurrences Foreign and Domestick&amp;quot;.&lt;/em&gt; Published in London, and       &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;Perform'd by a Society of Gentlemen&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt; as noted in the masthead, the     &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;date is 1708&lt;/span&gt;. The British Apollo appeared twice a week until issue 79, and then three times a week. A popular paper edited by Aaron Hill and Marshall Smith, it existed for less than 4 years. Readers were invited to send in questions, on any subject whatsoever, and the editors would contrive to provide answers, which took up the first half of each number. The last two pages were devoted to poetry, snippets of news, announcements of new books, and various advertisements. An interesting &amp;amp; curious title for a newspaper, complete in 4 pages &amp;amp; measuring about 7 1/2 by 12&amp;nbsp; inches. Nice condition. The photo below is generic but the issue you receive will be of the same year.</description>
    <description-text>THE BRITISH APOLLO, OR CURIOUS AMUSEMENTS FOR THE INGENIOUS and subtitled:       "To  Which are Added the Most Material Occurrences Foreign and Domestick". Published in London, and       "Perform'd by a Society of Gentlemen" as noted in the masthead, the     date is 1708. The British Apollo appeared twice a week until issue 79, and then three times a week. A popular paper edited by Aaron Hill and Marshall Smith, it existed for less than 4 years. Readers were invited to send in questions, on any subject whatsoever, and the editors would contrive to provide answers, which took up the first half of each number. The last two pages were devoted to poetry, snippets of news, announcements of new books, and various advertisements. An interesting &amp; curious title for a newspaper, complete in 4 pages &amp; measuring about 7 1/2 by 12  inches. Nice condition. The photo below is generic but the issue you receive will be of the same year.</description-text>
    <folder-id type="integer">3</folder-id>
    <header nil="true"></header>
    <id type="integer">120202</id>
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    <subheader>Short-lived newspaper with an interesting title...</subheader>
    <topics>Godfrey      </topics>
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    <description>A REVIEW OF THE STATE OF THE BRITISH NATION, London, 1708 From research done by the prestigious London rare book firm of Pickering &amp;amp; Chatto, this is one of Daniel Defoes greatest, but least known works. The Review covered his many interests, both literary and historical and was published twice and later three times a week. The reason for the neglect of this work is due in part to the tiny original print run of just 400, making this a very rare item. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Defoes Review played a significant role in the birth of the modern press. It was not so much a newspaper dealing in facts but a journal of opinion and discussion. Along with politics, war, trade and religion, Defoe also uses the Review as an outlet for his amazing curiosity about ordinary human concerns. Defoes Review tapped into a new cultural community, helping to create the climate for Steele and Addison to develop the Tatler and Spectator in later years. But in some ways it was itself the most interesting example as it was the first of a new genre: the eighteenth-century periodical essay. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
His grasp of trade and economics, particularly the new world of paper credit, was exceptionally acute, and in the Review he discusses world trade, European trade, far eastern and American trade in unrivalled detail. Long before the South Sea Bubble of 1720 Defoe warned against stock-jobbers, market riggers, projectors and other financial cheats. His many journeys through England and Scotland are reflected in the pages of the Review, which describes the trade and manufacture of the towns and regions of Britain. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Defoe fought for a press free of political censorship and championed the legal right of authors to their own copy. He attacked the civil restraints placed on Protestant dissenters. He consistently criticized English xenophobia, and campaigned on behalf of the free entry into Britain of all refugees, all foreign immigrants, all displaced people from other countries. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Unsurprisingly, Defoes Review stirred up endless oppositions. He criticized, and was attacked by, the Daily Courant, the Post-Boy, the Observator, the Rehearsal, the Flying-Post, and many other publications. He received abusive correspondence and many death threats. He was threatened with mobbing, caning, beating and stabbing (he carried a sword to defend himself in public). He was persecuted at law, falsely accused to the Lord Chief Justice, threatened with arrest for debt on false charges, accused of debts for political purposes. His carefully built-up distribution system for the Review was sabotaged by political enemies, who also terrorised his printer into ceasing publication (Defoe hired another printer). These reactions were produced by the unmatchable brilliance of Defoes writing in the Review week by week, though he often wrote his essays hundreds of miles from London for long periods together. Despite being harassed, injured, defamed and abused for nine continuous years, he produced the Review without fail three times a week. Among the targets of some of its later volumes were Steele and Addison in the Tatler and the Spectator, Swift in the Examiner, and other writers.&amp;nbsp;  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It was ultimately the governments imposition of a stamp duty, not a decline in quality, that brought the Review to a close in 1713. (courtesy Pickering &amp;amp; Chatto) &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is a generic listing as the issue you receive will have a slightly different date although from 1708 and the condition will be identical. &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;This is a complete 4 page issue measuring about 6 1/2 by 8 1/2 inches and in very nice condition with a bit of light foxing.&amp;nbsp; A rare opportunity for a title I have not seen in my 30 years in the rare newspaper business.</description>
    <description-text>A REVIEW OF THE STATE OF THE BRITISH NATION, London, 1708 From research done by the prestigious London rare book firm of Pickering &amp; Chatto, this is one of Daniel Defoes greatest, but least known works. The Review covered his many interests, both literary and historical and was published twice and later three times a week. The reason for the neglect of this work is due in part to the tiny original print run of just 400, making this a very rare item. 

Defoes Review played a significant role in the birth of the modern press. It was not so much a newspaper dealing in facts but a journal of opinion and discussion. Along with politics, war, trade and religion, Defoe also uses the Review as an outlet for his amazing curiosity about ordinary human concerns. Defoes Review tapped into a new cultural community, helping to create the climate for Steele and Addison to develop the Tatler and Spectator in later years. But in some ways it was itself the most interesting example as it was the first of a new genre: the eighteenth-century periodical essay. 

His grasp of trade and economics, particularly the new world of paper credit, was exceptionally acute, and in the Review he discusses world trade, European trade, far eastern and American trade in unrivalled detail. Long before the South Sea Bubble of 1720 Defoe warned against stock-jobbers, market riggers, projectors and other financial cheats. His many journeys through England and Scotland are reflected in the pages of the Review, which describes the trade and manufacture of the towns and regions of Britain. 

Defoe fought for a press free of political censorship and championed the legal right of authors to their own copy. He attacked the civil restraints placed on Protestant dissenters. He consistently criticized English xenophobia, and campaigned on behalf of the free entry into Britain of all refugees, all foreign immigrants, all displaced people from other countries. 

Unsurprisingly, Defoes Review stirred up endless oppositions. He criticized, and was attacked by, the Daily Courant, the Post-Boy, the Observator, the Rehearsal, the Flying-Post, and many other publications. He received abusive correspondence and many death threats. He was threatened with mobbing, caning, beating and stabbing (he carried a sword to defend himself in public). He was persecuted at law, falsely accused to the Lord Chief Justice, threatened with arrest for debt on false charges, accused of debts for political purposes. His carefully built-up distribution system for the Review was sabotaged by political enemies, who also terrorised his printer into ceasing publication (Defoe hired another printer). These reactions were produced by the unmatchable brilliance of Defoes writing in the Review week by week, though he often wrote his essays hundreds of miles from London for long periods together. Despite being harassed, injured, defamed and abused for nine continuous years, he produced the Review without fail three times a week. Among the targets of some of its later volumes were Steele and Addison in the Tatler and the Spectator, Swift in the Examiner, and other writers.   

It was ultimately the governments imposition of a stamp duty, not a decline in quality, that brought the Review to a close in 1713. (courtesy Pickering &amp; Chatto) 

This is a generic listing as the issue you receive will have a slightly different date although from 1708 and the condition will be identical. 
 This is a complete 4 page issue measuring about 6 1/2 by 8 1/2 inches and in very nice condition with a bit of light foxing.  A rare opportunity for a title I have not seen in my 30 years in the rare newspaper business.</description-text>
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    <subheader>Rare Daniel DeFoe periodical...</subheader>
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    <description>&lt;strong&gt;A REVIEW OF THE STATE OF THE BRITISH NATION&lt;/strong&gt;, London, 1708.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;* Rare Daniel Defoe periodical&lt;br /&gt;
* Early 18th century original&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
From research done by the prestigious London rare book firm of Pickering &amp;amp; Chatto, this is one of Daniel Defoes greatest, but least known works. The Review covered his many interests, both literary and historical and was published twice and later three times a week. The reason for the neglect of this work is due in part to the tiny original print run of just 400, making this a very rare item. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Defoes Review played a significant role in the birth of the modern press. It was not so much a newspaper dealing in facts but a journal of opinion and discussion. Along with politics, war, trade and religion, Defoe also uses the Review as an outlet for his amazing curiosity about ordinary human concerns. Defoes Review tapped into a new cultural community, helping to create the climate for Steele and Addison to develop the Tatler and Spectator in later years. But in some ways it was itself the most interesting example as it was the first of a new genre: the eighteenth-century periodical essay. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
His grasp of trade and economics, particularly the new world of paper credit, was exceptionally acute, and in the Review he discusses world trade, European trade, far eastern and American trade in unrivaled detail. Long before the South Sea Bubble of 1720 Defoe warned against stock-jobbers, market riggers, projectors and other financial cheats. His many journeys through England and Scotland are reflected in the pages of the Review, which describes the trade and manufacture of the towns and regions of Britain. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Defoe fought for a press free of political censorship and championed the legal right of authors to their own copy. He attacked the civil restraints placed on Protestant dissenters. He consistently criticized English xenophobia, and campaigned on behalf of the free entry into Britain of all refugees, all foreign immigrants, all displaced people from other countries. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Unsurprisingly, Defoes Review stirred up endless oppositions. He criticized, and was attacked by, the Daily Courant, the Post-Boy, the Observator, the Rehearsal, the Flying-Post, and many other publications. He received abusive correspondence and many death threats. He was threatened with mobbing, caning, beating and stabbing (he carried a sword to defend himself in public). He was persecuted at law, falsely accused to the Lord Chief Justice, threatened with arrest for debt on false charges, accused of debts for political purposes. His carefully built-up distribution system for the Review was sabotaged by political enemies, who also terrorised his printer into ceasing publication (Defoe hired another printer). These reactions were produced by the unmatchable brilliance of Defoes writing in the Review week by week, though he often wrote his essays hundreds of miles from London for long periods together. Despite being harassed, injured, defamed and abused for nine continuous years, he produced the Review without fail three times a week. Among the targets of some of its later volumes were Steele and Addison in the Tatler and the Spectator, Swift in the Examiner, and other writers.&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It was ultimately the governments imposition of a stamp duty, not a decline in quality, that brought the Review to a close in 1713. (courtesy Pickering &amp;amp; Chatto)&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
This is a complete 4 page issue measuring about 6 1/2 by 8 1/2 inches and in very nice condition with a bit of light foxing.&amp;nbsp; A rare opportunity for a title I have not seen in my 30 years in the rare newspaper business.&amp;nbsp; PLEASE NOTE: the photo shown is a representative of one which you will receive.</description>
    <description-text>A REVIEW OF THE STATE OF THE BRITISH NATION, London, 1708.
 
* Rare Daniel Defoe periodical
* Early 18th century original

From research done by the prestigious London rare book firm of Pickering &amp; Chatto, this is one of Daniel Defoes greatest, but least known works. The Review covered his many interests, both literary and historical and was published twice and later three times a week. The reason for the neglect of this work is due in part to the tiny original print run of just 400, making this a very rare item. 

Defoes Review played a significant role in the birth of the modern press. It was not so much a newspaper dealing in facts but a journal of opinion and discussion. Along with politics, war, trade and religion, Defoe also uses the Review as an outlet for his amazing curiosity about ordinary human concerns. Defoes Review tapped into a new cultural community, helping to create the climate for Steele and Addison to develop the Tatler and Spectator in later years. But in some ways it was itself the most interesting example as it was the first of a new genre: the eighteenth-century periodical essay. 

His grasp of trade and economics, particularly the new world of paper credit, was exceptionally acute, and in the Review he discusses world trade, European trade, far eastern and American trade in unrivaled detail. Long before the South Sea Bubble of 1720 Defoe warned against stock-jobbers, market riggers, projectors and other financial cheats. His many journeys through England and Scotland are reflected in the pages of the Review, which describes the trade and manufacture of the towns and regions of Britain. 

Defoe fought for a press free of political censorship and championed the legal right of authors to their own copy. He attacked the civil restraints placed on Protestant dissenters. He consistently criticized English xenophobia, and campaigned on behalf of the free entry into Britain of all refugees, all foreign immigrants, all displaced people from other countries. 

Unsurprisingly, Defoes Review stirred up endless oppositions. He criticized, and was attacked by, the Daily Courant, the Post-Boy, the Observator, the Rehearsal, the Flying-Post, and many other publications. He received abusive correspondence and many death threats. He was threatened with mobbing, caning, beating and stabbing (he carried a sword to defend himself in public). He was persecuted at law, falsely accused to the Lord Chief Justice, threatened with arrest for debt on false charges, accused of debts for political purposes. His carefully built-up distribution system for the Review was sabotaged by political enemies, who also terrorised his printer into ceasing publication (Defoe hired another printer). These reactions were produced by the unmatchable brilliance of Defoes writing in the Review week by week, though he often wrote his essays hundreds of miles from London for long periods together. Despite being harassed, injured, defamed and abused for nine continuous years, he produced the Review without fail three times a week. Among the targets of some of its later volumes were Steele and Addison in the Tatler and the Spectator, Swift in the Examiner, and other writers.  

It was ultimately the governments imposition of a stamp duty, not a decline in quality, that brought the Review to a close in 1713. (courtesy Pickering &amp; Chatto) 
 
This is a complete 4 page issue measuring about 6 1/2 by 8 1/2 inches and in very nice condition with a bit of light foxing.  A rare opportunity for a title I have not seen in my 30 years in the rare newspaper business.  PLEASE NOTE: the photo shown is a representative of one which you will receive.</description-text>
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    <description>THE BRITISH APOLLO, OR CURIOUS AMUSEMENTS FOR THE INGENIOUS and subtitled: &amp;quot;To Which are Added the Most Material Occurrences Foreign and Domestick&amp;quot;. Published in London, and &amp;quot;Perform'd by a Society of Gentlemen&amp;quot; as noted in the masthead, the date is August 13, 1708. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* Uncommon title - short lived&lt;br /&gt;
* Early 18th century original&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The British Apollo appeared twice a week until issue 79, and then three times a week. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A popular paper edited by Aaron Hill and Marshall Smith, it existed for less than 4 years. Readers were invited to send in questions, on any subject whatsoever, and the editors would contrive to provide answers, which took up the first half of each number. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The last two pages were devoted to poetry, snippets of news, announcements of new books, and various advertisements. An interesting &amp;amp; curious title for a newspaper, complete in 4 pages &amp;amp; measuring about 7 1/2 by 12&amp;nbsp; inches. Nice condition.</description>
    <description-text>THE BRITISH APOLLO, OR CURIOUS AMUSEMENTS FOR THE INGENIOUS and subtitled: "To Which are Added the Most Material Occurrences Foreign and Domestick". Published in London, and "Perform'd by a Society of Gentlemen" as noted in the masthead, the date is August 13, 1708. 

* Uncommon title - short lived
* Early 18th century original

The British Apollo appeared twice a week until issue 79, and then three times a week. 

A popular paper edited by Aaron Hill and Marshall Smith, it existed for less than 4 years. Readers were invited to send in questions, on any subject whatsoever, and the editors would contrive to provide answers, which took up the first half of each number. 

The last two pages were devoted to poetry, snippets of news, announcements of new books, and various advertisements. An interesting &amp; curious title for a newspaper, complete in 4 pages &amp; measuring about 7 1/2 by 12  inches. Nice condition.</description-text>
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    <topics>Godfrey</topics>
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    <description>&lt;div&gt;THE BRITISH APOLLO, OR CURIOUS AMUSEMENTS FOR THE INGENIOUS and subtitled: &amp;quot;To Which are Added the Most Material Occurrences Foreign and Domestick&amp;quot;. Published in London, and &amp;quot;Perform'd by a Society of Gentlemen&amp;quot; as noted in the masthead, the date is December 22, 1708. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;* Question and Answer Format&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;strong&gt;* The British Apollo&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;The British Apollo appeared twice a week until issue 79, and then three times a week. A popular paper edited by Aaron Hill and Marshall Smith, it existed for less than 4 years. Readers were invited to send in questions, on any subject whatsoever, and the editors would contrive to provide answers, which took up the first half of each number. The last two pages were devoted to poetry, snippets of news, announcements of new books, and various advertisements. An interesting &amp;amp; curious title for a newspaper, complete in 4 pages &amp;amp; measuring about 8 by 12 1/2 inches. Nice condition.&lt;/div&gt;</description>
    <description-text>THE BRITISH APOLLO, OR CURIOUS AMUSEMENTS FOR THE INGENIOUS and subtitled: "To Which are Added the Most Material Occurrences Foreign and Domestick". Published in London, and "Perform'd by a Society of Gentlemen" as noted in the masthead, the date is December 22, 1708. 

* Question and Answer Format
* The British Apollo
 
The British Apollo appeared twice a week until issue 79, and then three times a week. A popular paper edited by Aaron Hill and Marshall Smith, it existed for less than 4 years. Readers were invited to send in questions, on any subject whatsoever, and the editors would contrive to provide answers, which took up the first half of each number. The last two pages were devoted to poetry, snippets of news, announcements of new books, and various advertisements. An interesting &amp; curious title for a newspaper, complete in 4 pages &amp; measuring about 8 by 12 1/2 inches. Nice condition.</description-text>
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    <description-text>THE TATLER, 1710 Famous title by Addison &amp; Steele. Interesting discussion of social, literary THE TATLER, 1709 Famous title by Addison &amp; Steele. Interesting discussion of social, literary &amp; miscellaneous subjects. Uncommon title, some foxing, about 7 by 12 inches. Singlesheet</description-text>
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    <description>THE SPECTATOR newspaper from London, dated 1711-1712 (no ink-stamp present). This is one of the more famous of the early newspapers and is by the famed Addison &amp;amp; Steele. Nice condition, some light browning. A singlesheet issue measuring about 8 by 11 1/2 inches.</description>
    <description-text>THE SPECTATOR newspaper from London, dated 1711-1712 (no ink-stamp present). This is one of the more famous of the early newspapers and is by the famed Addison &amp; Steele. Nice condition, some light browning. A singlesheet issue measuring about 8 by 11 1/2 inches.</description-text>
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    <description>THE SPECTATOR, London, England, August 31, 1711&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;* Addison &amp;amp; Steele&lt;br /&gt;
* Uncommon title from the early 18th century&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is a single sheet newspaper, one of the more famous of the 18th century titles, and by the famed Addison &amp;amp; Steele. Nice condition &amp;amp; done in editorial format. Measures about 8 by 13 inches.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
source: wikipedia: &lt;em&gt;The stated goal of The Spectator was &amp;quot;to enliven morality with wit, and to temper wit with morality... to bring philosophy out of the closets and libraries, schools and colleges, to dwell in clubs and assemblies, at tea-tables and coffeehouses.&amp;quot; (No. 10) It famously recommended that its readers &amp;quot;consider it part of the tea-equipage&amp;quot; (No. 10) and not leave the house without reading it in the morning. One of its functions was to provide readers with educated, topical talking points, and advice in how to carry on conversations and social interactions in a polite manner. In keeping with the values of Enlightenment philosophes of their time, the authors of 'The Spectator' promoted family, marriage, and courtesy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Spectator was widely read in its time despite a modest daily circulation of approximately 3,000 copies. By Addison's estimate, each number was read by 60,000 Londoners, about a tenth of London's population at the time. Contemporary historians and literary scholars, meanwhile, do not consider this to be an unreasonable claim; most readers were not themselves subscribers but patrons of one of the subscribing coffeehouses. These readers came from many stations in society, but the paper catered principally to the interests of England's emerging middle class - merchants and traders large and small. Jurgen Habermas sees The Spectator as instrumental in the 'structural transformation of the public sphere' which England saw in the eighteenth century. He argues that this transformation came about because of, and in the interests of, the middle class. Although The Spectator declares itself to be politically neutral, it was widely recognised as promoting Whig values and interests. The Spectator was also popular and widely read in the later eighteenth century and the nineteenth century. It was sold in eight-volume editions. Its prose style, and its marriage of morality and advice with entertainment, were considered exemplary. The decline in its popularity has been discussed by Brian McCrea and C.S. Lewis.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
One of the principal conceits of The Spectator is its fictional narrator, Mr. Spectator. The first number is dedicated to his life story. Mr. Spectator speaks very little, communicating mainly through facial gestures. His unassuming profile enables him to circulate widely throughout society and fulfill his position as 'spectator'. He comments on the habits, foibles and social faux pas of his fellow citizens. He also notes the irony of his volubility in prose compared to his taciturnity in daily life.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The second number of The Spectator introduces the members of the 'Spectator Club', Mr. Spectator's close friends. This forms a cast of secondary characters which 'The Spectator' can draw on in its stories and examples of social conduct. In order to foster an inclusive ethos, they are drawn from many different walks of life. The best known of these characters is Sir Roger de Coverley, an English squire of Queen Anne's reign. He exemplified the values of an old country gentleman, and was portrayed as lovable but somewhat ridiculous, making his Tory politics seem harmless but silly. Will Honeycomb is a 'rake' who &amp;quot;is very ready at that sort of discourse with which men usually entertain women.&amp;quot; (No. 2) He is reformed near the end of The Spectator when he marries. Andrew Freeport is a merchant, and there is also a general and a priest in the Spectator Club.&lt;/em&gt;</description>
    <description-text>THE SPECTATOR, London, England, August 31, 1711

* Addison &amp; Steele
* Uncommon title from the early 18th century

This is a single sheet newspaper, one of the more famous of the 18th century titles, and by the famed Addison &amp; Steele. Nice condition &amp; done in editorial format. Measures about 8 by 13 inches.

source: wikipedia: The stated goal of The Spectator was "to enliven morality with wit, and to temper wit with morality... to bring philosophy out of the closets and libraries, schools and colleges, to dwell in clubs and assemblies, at tea-tables and coffeehouses." (No. 10) It famously recommended that its readers "consider it part of the tea-equipage" (No. 10) and not leave the house without reading it in the morning. One of its functions was to provide readers with educated, topical talking points, and advice in how to carry on conversations and social interactions in a polite manner. In keeping with the values of Enlightenment philosophes of their time, the authors of 'The Spectator' promoted family, marriage, and courtesy.

The Spectator was widely read in its time despite a modest daily circulation of approximately 3,000 copies. By Addison's estimate, each number was read by 60,000 Londoners, about a tenth of London's population at the time. Contemporary historians and literary scholars, meanwhile, do not consider this to be an unreasonable claim; most readers were not themselves subscribers but patrons of one of the subscribing coffeehouses. These readers came from many stations in society, but the paper catered principally to the interests of England's emerging middle class - merchants and traders large and small. Jurgen Habermas sees The Spectator as instrumental in the 'structural transformation of the public sphere' which England saw in the eighteenth century. He argues that this transformation came about because of, and in the interests of, the middle class. Although The Spectator declares itself to be politically neutral, it was widely recognised as promoting Whig values and interests. The Spectator was also popular and widely read in the later eighteenth century and the nineteenth century. It was sold in eight-volume editions. Its prose style, and its marriage of morality and advice with entertainment, were considered exemplary. The decline in its popularity has been discussed by Brian McCrea and C.S. Lewis.

One of the principal conceits of The Spectator is its fictional narrator, Mr. Spectator. The first number is dedicated to his life story. Mr. Spectator speaks very little, communicating mainly through facial gestures. His unassuming profile enables him to circulate widely throughout society and fulfill his position as 'spectator'. He comments on the habits, foibles and social faux pas of his fellow citizens. He also notes the irony of his volubility in prose compared to his taciturnity in daily life.

The second number of The Spectator introduces the members of the 'Spectator Club', Mr. Spectator's close friends. This forms a cast of secondary characters which 'The Spectator' can draw on in its stories and examples of social conduct. In order to foster an inclusive ethos, they are drawn from many different walks of life. The best known of these characters is Sir Roger de Coverley, an English squire of Queen Anne's reign. He exemplified the values of an old country gentleman, and was portrayed as lovable but somewhat ridiculous, making his Tory politics seem harmless but silly. Will Honeycomb is a 'rake' who "is very ready at that sort of discourse with which men usually entertain women." (No. 2) He is reformed near the end of The Spectator when he marries. Andrew Freeport is a merchant, and there is also a general and a priest in the Spectator Club.</description-text>
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    <subheader>1711 ANTIQUE Spectator Newspaper Famed ADDISON &amp; STEELE .....</subheader>
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    <description>THE SPECTATOR, from London, England, dated November 10, 1711.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Addison &amp;amp; Steele&lt;br /&gt;
* Uncommon title from the early 18th century&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is a singlesheet newspaper, one of the more famous of the 18th century titles, and by the famed Addison &amp;amp; Steele. Nice condition &amp;amp; done in editorial format. Measures about 8 by 13 inches. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
source: wikipedia: &lt;em&gt;The stated goal of The Spectator was &amp;quot;to enliven morality with wit, and to temper wit with morality... to bring philosophy out of the closets and libraries, schools and colleges, to dwell in clubs and assemblies, at tea-tables and coffeehouses.&amp;quot; (No. 10) It famously recommended that its readers &amp;quot;consider it part of the tea-equipage&amp;quot; (No. 10) and not leave the house without reading it in the morning. One of its functions was to provide readers with educated, topical talking points, and advice in how to carry on conversations and social interactions in a polite manner. In keeping with the values of Enlightenment philosophes of their time, the authors of 'The Spectator' promoted family, marriage, and courtesy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Spectator was widely read in its time despite a modest daily circulation of approximately 3,000 copies. By Addison's estimate, each number was read by 60,000 Londoners, about a tenth of London's population at the time. Contemporary historians and literary scholars, meanwhile, do not consider this to be an unreasonable claim; most readers were not themselves subscribers but patrons of one of the subscribing coffeehouses. These readers came from many stations in society, but the paper catered principally to the interests of England's emerging middle class - merchants and traders large and small. Jurgen Habermas sees The Spectator as instrumental in the 'structural transformation of the public sphere' which England saw in the eighteenth century. He argues that this transformation came about because of, and in the interests of, the middle class. Although The Spectator declares itself to be politically neutral, it was widely recognised as promoting Whig values and interests. The Spectator was also popular and widely read in the later eighteenth century and the nineteenth century. It was sold in eight-volume editions. Its prose style, and its marriage of morality and advice with entertainment, were considered exemplary. The decline in its popularity has been discussed by Brian McCrea and C.S. Lewis.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
One of the principal conceits of The Spectator is its fictional narrator, Mr. Spectator. The first number is dedicated to his life story. Mr. Spectator speaks very little, communicating mainly through facial gestures. His unassuming profile enables him to circulate widely throughout society and fulfill his position as 'spectator'. He comments on the habits, foibles and social faux pas of his fellow citizens. He also notes the irony of his volubility in prose compared to his taciturnity in daily life.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The second number of The Spectator introduces the members of the 'Spectator Club', Mr. Spectator's close friends. This forms a cast of secondary characters which 'The Spectator' can draw on in its stories and examples of social conduct. In order to foster an inclusive ethos, they are drawn from many different walks of life. The best known of these characters is Sir Roger de Coverley, an English squire of Queen Anne's reign. He exemplified the values of an old country gentleman, and was portrayed as lovable but somewhat ridiculous, making his Tory politics seem harmless but silly. Will Honeycomb is a 'rake' who &amp;quot;is very ready at that sort of discourse with which men usually entertain women.&amp;quot; (No. 2) He is reformed near the end of The Spectator when he marries. Andrew Freeport is a merchant, and there is also a general and a priest in the Spectator Club.&lt;/em&gt;</description>
    <description-text>THE SPECTATOR, from London, England, dated November 10, 1711.

* Addison &amp; Steele
* Uncommon title from the early 18th century

This is a singlesheet newspaper, one of the more famous of the 18th century titles, and by the famed Addison &amp; Steele. Nice condition &amp; done in editorial format. Measures about 8 by 13 inches. 

source: wikipedia: The stated goal of The Spectator was "to enliven morality with wit, and to temper wit with morality... to bring philosophy out of the closets and libraries, schools and colleges, to dwell in clubs and assemblies, at tea-tables and coffeehouses." (No. 10) It famously recommended that its readers "consider it part of the tea-equipage" (No. 10) and not leave the house without reading it in the morning. One of its functions was to provide readers with educated, topical talking points, and advice in how to carry on conversations and social interactions in a polite manner. In keeping with the values of Enlightenment philosophes of their time, the authors of 'The Spectator' promoted family, marriage, and courtesy.

The Spectator was widely read in its time despite a modest daily circulation of approximately 3,000 copies. By Addison's estimate, each number was read by 60,000 Londoners, about a tenth of London's population at the time. Contemporary historians and literary scholars, meanwhile, do not consider this to be an unreasonable claim; most readers were not themselves subscribers but patrons of one of the subscribing coffeehouses. These readers came from many stations in society, but the paper catered principally to the interests of England's emerging middle class - merchants and traders large and small. Jurgen Habermas sees The Spectator as instrumental in the 'structural transformation of the public sphere' which England saw in the eighteenth century. He argues that this transformation came about because of, and in the interests of, the middle class. Although The Spectator declares itself to be politically neutral, it was widely recognised as promoting Whig values and interests. The Spectator was also popular and widely read in the later eighteenth century and the nineteenth century. It was sold in eight-volume editions. Its prose style, and its marriage of morality and advice with entertainment, were considered exemplary. The decline in its popularity has been discussed by Brian McCrea and C.S. Lewis.

One of the principal conceits of The Spectator is its fictional narrator, Mr. Spectator. The first number is dedicated to his life story. Mr. Spectator speaks very little, communicating mainly through facial gestures. His unassuming profile enables him to circulate widely throughout society and fulfill his position as 'spectator'. He comments on the habits, foibles and social faux pas of his fellow citizens. He also notes the irony of his volubility in prose compared to his taciturnity in daily life.

The second number of The Spectator introduces the members of the 'Spectator Club', Mr. Spectator's close friends. This forms a cast of secondary characters which 'The Spectator' can draw on in its stories and examples of social conduct. In order to foster an inclusive ethos, they are drawn from many different walks of life. The best known of these characters is Sir Roger de Coverley, an English squire of Queen Anne's reign. He exemplified the values of an old country gentleman, and was portrayed as lovable but somewhat ridiculous, making his Tory politics seem harmless but silly. Will Honeycomb is a 'rake' who "is very ready at that sort of discourse with which men usually entertain women." (No. 2) He is reformed near the end of The Spectator when he marries. Andrew Freeport is a merchant, and there is also a general and a priest in the Spectator Club.</description-text>
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    <subheader>Spectator Newspaper... Famed ADDISON &amp; STEELE .....</subheader>
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    <description>THE SPECTATOR, London, 1712 (with full front page tax stamp).&amp;nbsp; This is one of the more famous &amp;quot;coffee-house&amp;quot; newspapers of the early 18th century, done by the famed Addison &amp;amp; Steele. Athough we have sold many genuine issues of this title through the years, this may be our first opportunity to offer an issue with untrimmed margins and a full red-inked tax stamp at the top of the front page. And in nice condition as well. A single sheet newspaper measuring about 8 1/2 by 13 inches. The photo below is &amp;quot;generic&amp;quot; however the issue you receive will have a similar look and will be dated 1712.</description>
    <description-text>THE SPECTATOR, London, 1712 (with full front page tax stamp).  This is one of the more famous "coffee-house" newspapers of the early 18th century, done by the famed Addison &amp; Steele. Athough we have sold many genuine issues of this title through the years, this may be our first opportunity to offer an issue with untrimmed margins and a full red-inked tax stamp at the top of the front page. And in nice condition as well. A single sheet newspaper measuring about 8 1/2 by 13 inches. The photo below is "generic" however the issue you receive will have a similar look and will be dated 1712.</description-text>
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    <price type="decimal">75.0</price>
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    <subheader>Untrimmed issue with a full front page tax stamp...</subheader>
    <topics>Godfrey coffee house  </topics>
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    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-01-28T09:47:18-05:00</updated-at>
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    <date type="date">1712-01-01</date>
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    <date-range-start type="date" nil="true"></date-range-start>
    <description>THE SPECTATOR , London, 1712 (with full back page red ink stamp) This is one of the more famous &amp;quot;coffee-house&amp;quot; newspapers of the early 18th century, done by the famed Addison &amp;amp; Steele. Athough we have sold many genuine issues of this title through the years, this may be our first opportunity to offer an issue with untrimmed margins and a full red-inked tax stamp at the top of the back page. And in nice condition save for a few minor margin tears. A single sheet newspaper measuring about 8 1/2 by 13 inches. The photo below is &amp;quot;generic&amp;quot; however the issue you receive will have a similar look and will be dated 1712.</description>
    <description-text>THE SPECTATOR , London, 1712 (with full back page red ink stamp) This is one of the more famous "coffee-house" newspapers of the early 18th century, done by the famed Addison &amp; Steele. Athough we have sold many genuine issues of this title through the years, this may be our first opportunity to offer an issue with untrimmed margins and a full red-inked tax stamp at the top of the back page. And in nice condition save for a few minor margin tears. A single sheet newspaper measuring about 8 1/2 by 13 inches. The photo below is "generic" however the issue you receive will have a similar look and will be dated 1712.</description-text>
    <folder-id type="integer">3</folder-id>
    <header nil="true"></header>
    <id type="integer">208509</id>
    <image-range-batch>1.14.2006</image-range-batch>
    <image-range-end>image022</image-range-end>
    <image-range-start>image020</image-range-start>
    <image-thumbnail-available type="integer">1</image-thumbnail-available>
    <inventory-item-type-id type="integer">1</inventory-item-type-id>
    <inventory-reference>PA-13-08</inventory-reference>
    <is-active type="boolean">true</is-active>
    <is-active-reason nil="true"></is-active-reason>
    <is-generic type="boolean">true</is-generic>
    <is-offered-second-rate type="boolean">false</is-offered-second-rate>
    <is-similar type="boolean">false</is-similar>
    <legacy-number nil="true"></legacy-number>
    <message type="NilClass" nil="true"></message>
    <newspaper-title-id type="integer" nil="true"></newspaper-title-id>
    <override-shipping type="decimal" nil="true"></override-shipping>
    <price type="decimal">34.0</price>
    <price-updated-at type="datetime">2007-03-19T10:14:19-04:00</price-updated-at>
    <quantity type="integer">0</quantity>
    <state nil="true"></state>
    <subheader>Untrimmed issue with a full back page tax stamp...</subheader>
    <topics>Godfrey coffee house  </topics>
    <treat-as-catalog-item type="boolean">false</treat-as-catalog-item>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-04-22T14:16:17-04:00</updated-at>
    <updated-system-user-id type="integer">13</updated-system-user-id>
  </web-item>
  <web-item>
    <city nil="true"></city>
    <comments></comments>
    <contents-reviewed type="boolean">false</contents-reviewed>
    <created-at type="datetime">2005-12-12T10:16:31-05:00</created-at>
    <created-system-user-id type="integer">7</created-system-user-id>
    <date type="date">1712-05-02</date>
    <date-range-end type="date" nil="true"></date-range-end>
    <date-range-start type="date" nil="true"></date-range-start>
    <description>&lt;div&gt;THE SPECTATOR newspaper from London dated May 2, 1712.
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;* Addison &amp;amp; Steele&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This is a singlesheet newspaper, one of the more famous of the 18th century titles, and by the famed Addison &amp;amp; Steele. Nice condition &amp;amp; done in editorial format. Measures about 8 by 13 inches.
&lt;/div&gt;</description>
    <description-text>THE SPECTATOR newspaper from London dated May 2, 1712.
* Addison &amp; SteeleThis is a singlesheet newspaper, one of the more famous of the 18th century titles, and by the famed Addison &amp; Steele. Nice condition &amp; done in editorial format. Measures about 8 by 13 inches.
</description-text>
    <folder-id type="integer">3</folder-id>
    <header></header>
    <id type="integer">207930</id>
    <image-range-batch>12.10.2005</image-range-batch>
    <image-range-end>image037</image-range-end>
    <image-range-start>image033</image-range-start>
    <image-thumbnail-available type="integer">1</image-thumbnail-available>
    <inventory-item-type-id type="integer">1</inventory-item-type-id>
    <inventory-reference></inventory-reference>
    <is-active type="boolean">true</is-active>
    <is-active-reason nil="true"></is-active-reason>
    <is-generic type="boolean">false</is-generic>
    <is-offered-second-rate type="boolean">false</is-offered-second-rate>
    <is-similar type="boolean">false</is-similar>
    <legacy-number nil="true"></legacy-number>
    <message type="NilClass" nil="true"></message>
    <newspaper-title-id type="integer" nil="true"></newspaper-title-id>
    <override-shipping type="decimal" nil="true"></override-shipping>
    <price type="decimal">27.0</price>
    <price-updated-at type="datetime">2006-08-16T13:41:48-04:00</price-updated-at>
    <quantity type="integer">1</quantity>
    <state nil="true"></state>
    <subheader>Famed Addison &amp; Steele .....</subheader>
    <topics> coffee house </topics>
    <treat-as-catalog-item type="boolean">false</treat-as-catalog-item>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2007-09-03T23:59:38-04:00</updated-at>
    <updated-system-user-id type="integer">16</updated-system-user-id>
  </web-item>
  <web-item>
    <city nil="true"></city>
    <comments nil="true"></comments>
    <contents-reviewed type="boolean">false</contents-reviewed>
    <created-at type="datetime" nil="true"></created-at>
    <created-system-user-id type="integer">12</created-system-user-id>
    <date type="date">1723-01-01</date>
    <date-range-end type="date" nil="true"></date-range-end>
    <date-range-start type="date" nil="true"></date-range-start>
    <description>THE TRUE BRITON, London, 1723 A quite uncommon singlesheet newspaper which has comparatively large lettering in the masthead, a bit larger than most from of this period. Wide margins at the top and right, nice condition. The photo below is &amp;quot;generic&amp;quot; however the issue you receive will have a similar look and will be dated 1723.</description>
    <description-text>THE TRUE BRITON, London, 1723 A quite uncommon singlesheet newspaper which has comparatively large lettering in the masthead, a bit larger than most from of this period. Wide margins at the top and right, nice condition. The photo below is "generic" however the issue you receive will have a similar look and will be dated 1723.</description-text>
    <folder-id type="integer">5</folder-id>
    <header nil="true"></header>
    <id type="integer">120195</id>
    <image-range-batch>1.99.2006</image-range-batch>
    <image-range-end>image005</image-range-end>
    <image-range-start>image001</image-range-start>
    <image-thumbnail-available type="integer">1</image-thumbnail-available>
    <inventory-item-type-id type="integer">1</inventory-item-type-id>
    <inventory-reference>PA-11-05</inventory-reference>
    <is-active type="boolean">true</is-active>
    <is-active-reason nil="true"></is-active-reason>
    <is-generic type="boolean">true</is-generic>
    <is-offered-second-rate type="boolean">false</is-offered-second-rate>
    <is-similar type="boolean">false</is-similar>
    <legacy-number nil="true"></legacy-number>
    <message type="NilClass" nil="true"></message>
    <newspaper-title-id type="integer" nil="true"></newspaper-title-id>
    <override-shipping type="decimal" nil="true"></override-shipping>
    <price type="decimal">36.0</price>
    <price-updated-at type="datetime">2006-01-31T12:25:03-05:00</price-updated-at>
    <quantity type="integer">0</quantity>
    <state nil="true"></state>
    <subheader>Early 1700's...  Quite uncommon from London...</subheader>
    <topics>  </topics>
    <treat-as-catalog-item type="boolean">true</treat-as-catalog-item>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-10-23T08:46:44-04:00</updated-at>
    <updated-system-user-id type="integer">13</updated-system-user-id>
  </web-item>
  <web-item>
    <city nil="true"></city>
    <comments nil="true"></comments>
    <contents-reviewed type="boolean">false</contents-reviewed>
    <created-at type="datetime">2006-01-18T10:27:39-05:00</created-at>
    <created-system-user-id type="integer">4</created-system-user-id>
    <date type="date">1733-01-01</date>
    <date-range-end type="date" nil="true"></date-range-end>
    <date-range-start type="date" nil="true"></date-range-start>
    <description>THE UNIVERSAL SPECTATOR &amp;amp; WEEKLY JOURNAL, London, 1733 A very uncommon &amp;amp; early title we have not previously seen in our 30+ years in this business. The four pages contain various news from London &amp;amp; elsewhere, plus letters and some advertisements which take up the entire back page. Measures about 10 by 13 1/2 inches, some staining or browning, wear at the margins. The photo below is &amp;quot;generic&amp;quot; however the issue you receive will have the same look &amp;amp; will be dated 1733.</description>
    <description-text>THE UNIVERSAL SPECTATOR &amp; WEEKLY JOURNAL, London, 1733 A very uncommon &amp; early title we have not previously seen in our 30+ years in this business. The four pages contain various news from London &amp; elsewhere, plus letters and some advertisements which take up the entire back page. Measures about 10 by 13 1/2 inches, some staining or browning, wear at the margins. The photo below is "generic" however the issue you receive will have the same look &amp; will be dated 1733.</description-text>
    <folder-id type="integer">4</folder-id>
    <header nil="true"></header>
    <id type="integer">208903</id>
    <image-range-batch>1.48.2006</image-range-batch>
    <image-range-end>image026</image-range-end>
    <image-range-start>image025</image-range-start>
    <image-thumbnail-available type="integer">1</image-thumbnail-available>
    <inventory-item-type-id type="integer">1</inventory-item-type-id>
    <inventory-reference>WG-29-14</inventory-reference>
    <is-active type="boolean">true</is-active>
    <is-active-reason nil="true"></is-active-reason>
    <is-generic type="boolean">true</is-generic>
    <is-offered-second-rate type="boolean">false</is-offered-second-rate>
    <is-similar type="boolean">false</is-similar>
    <legacy-number nil="true"></legacy-number>
    <message type="NilClass" nil="true"></message>
    <newspaper-title-id type="integer" nil="true"></newspaper-title-id>
    <override-shipping type="decimal" nil="true"></override-shipping>
    <price type="decimal">53.0</price>
    <price-updated-at type="datetime">2007-11-05T08:33:00-05:00</price-updated-at>
    <quantity type="integer" nil="true"></quantity>
    <state nil="true"></state>
    <subheader nil="true"></subheader>
    <topics>Godfrey     andrew_robinson </topics>
    <treat-as-catalog-item type="boolean">false</treat-as-catalog-item>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2008-01-28T12:59:09-05:00</updated-at>
    <updated-system-user-id type="integer">13</updated-system-user-id>
  </web-item>
  <web-item>
    <city nil="true"></city>
    <comments nil="true"></comments>
    <contents-reviewed type="boolean">false</contents-reviewed>
    <created-at type="datetime">2008-04-03T15:52:37-04:00</created-at>
    <created-system-user-id type="integer">5</created-system-user-id>
    <date type="date">1733-07-21</date>
    <date-range-end type="date" nil="true"></date-range-end>
    <date-range-start type="date" nil="true"></date-range-start>
    <description>&lt;strong&gt; UNIVERSAL SPECTATOR, AND WEEKLY JOURNAL&lt;/strong&gt;, London, July 21, 1733.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;* Uncommon title&lt;br /&gt;
* Early Cricket&lt;br /&gt;
* 18th century original&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On page 2 under &amp;quot;London&amp;quot; is a report of a young Lad which was killed instantly during a Cricket match.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Other news of the day from Europe. Quarto-size, 4 pages, has a few minor stains on the front page and a small hole at the top of the issue -- see photo for details.</description>
    <description-text> UNIVERSAL SPECTATOR, AND WEEKLY JOURNAL, London, July 21, 1733.

* Uncommon title
* Early Cricket
* 18th century original

On page 2 under "London" is a report of a young Lad which was killed instantly during a Cricket match.

Other news of the day from Europe. Quarto-size, 4 pages, has a few minor stains on the front page and a small hole at the top of the issue -- see photo for details.</description-text>
    <folder-id type="integer">3</folder-id>
    <header nil="true"></header>
    <id type="integer">544457</id>
    <image-range-batch>4.d8.2008</image-range-batch>
    <image-range-end>image006</image-range-end>
    <image-range-start>image001</image-range-start>
    <image-thumbnail-available type="integer">1</image-thumbnail-available>
    <inventory-item-type-id type="integer">1</inventory-item-type-id>
    <inventory-reference nil="true"></inventory-reference>
    <is-active type="boolean">true</is-active>
    <is-active-reason nil="true"></is-active-reason>
    <is-generic type="boolean">false</is-generic>
    <is-offered-second-rate type="boolean">false</is-offered-second-rate>
    <is-similar type="boolean">false</is-similar>
    <legacy-number nil="true"></legacy-number>
    <message type="NilClass" nil="true"></message>
    <newspaper-title-id type="integer" nil="true"></newspaper-title-id>
    <override-shipping type="decimal" nil="true"></override-shipping>
    <price type="decimal">68.0</price>
    <price-updated-at type="datetime">2008-04-03T15:52:37-04:00</price-updated-at>
    <quantity type="integer">1</quantity>
    <state nil="true"></state>
    <subheader>Early cricket...</subheader>
    <topics nil="true"></topics>
    <treat-as-catalog-item type="boolean">false</treat-as-catalog-item>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-12-21T09:16:44-05:00</updated-at>
    <updated-system-user-id type="integer">3</updated-system-user-id>
  </web-item>
  <web-item>
    <city nil="true"></city>
    <comments nil="true"></comments>
    <contents-reviewed type="boolean">false</contents-reviewed>
    <created-at type="datetime">2008-01-30T12:25:08-05:00</created-at>
    <created-system-user-id type="integer">15</created-system-user-id>
    <date type="date">1733-09-08</date>
    <date-range-end type="date" nil="true"></date-range-end>
    <date-range-start type="date" nil="true"></date-range-start>
    <description>&lt;strong&gt; UNIVERSAL SPECTATOR, AND WEEKLY JOURNAL&lt;/strong&gt;, London, England, September 8, 1733&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;* Most beautiful plant in all of England...&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
* Uncommon title...&amp;nbsp; 18th century original...&amp;nbsp; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On page 2 under &amp;quot;London&amp;quot; is an interesting horticulture-related report that begins: &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;The famous Aloe...in the Garden of Madam Stephens at Epsom, has now blow'd, and is allow'd to be the most beautiful Plant in England; the Height above the Tub is 21 Feet and a Half, the Circumference is seven Feet four Inches...&amp;quot; &lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
More about the size and appearance of this plant, the report closes by stating: &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;...in these Pods is a Liquid as sweet as Honey, and there are a hundred Flowers on a Branch at this time.&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
Other news of the day from Europe. Quarto-size, 4 pages, has a few minor stains on the front page.</description>
    <description-text> UNIVERSAL SPECTATOR, AND WEEKLY JOURNAL, London, England, September 8, 1733  

* Most beautiful plant in all of England...  
* Uncommon title...  18th century original...  

On page 2 under "London" is an interesting horticulture-related report that begins: "The famous Aloe...in the Garden of Madam Stephens at Epsom, has now blow'd, and is allow'd to be the most beautiful Plant in England; the Height above the Tub is 21 Feet and a Half, the Circumference is seven Feet four Inches..." 

More about the size and appearance of this plant, the report closes by stating: "...in these Pods is a Liquid as sweet as Honey, and there are a hundred Flowers on a Branch at this time." 
 
Other news of the day from Europe. Quarto-size, 4 pages, has a few minor stains on the front page.</description-text>
    <folder-id type="integer">3</folder-id>
    <header nil="true"></header>
    <id type="integer">542281</id>
    <image-range-batch>1.86.2008</image-range-batch>
    <image-range-end>image006</image-range-end>
    <image-range-start>image001</image-range-start>
    <image-thumbnail-available type="integer">1</image-thumbnail-available>
    <inventory-item-type-id type="integer">1</inventory-item-type-id>
    <inventory-reference nil="true"></inventory-reference>
    <is-active type="boolean">true</is-active>
    <is-active-reason nil="true"></is-active-reason>
    <is-generic type="boolean">false</is-generic>
    <is-offered-second-rate type="boolean">false</is-offered-second-rate>
    <is-similar type="boolean">false</is-similar>
    <legacy-number nil="true"></legacy-number>
    <message type="NilClass" nil="true"></message>
    <newspaper-title-id type="integer" nil="true"></newspaper-title-id>
    <override-shipping type="decimal" nil="true"></override-shipping>
    <price type="decimal">52.0</price>
    <price-updated-at type="datetime">2008-01-30T12:25:08-05:00</price-updated-at>
    <quantity type="integer">1</quantity>
    <state nil="true"></state>
    <subheader>"Most beautiful Plant in England" in full bloom...</subheader>
    <topics nil="true"></topics>
    <treat-as-catalog-item type="boolean">false</treat-as-catalog-item>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-01-22T13:59:10-05:00</updated-at>
    <updated-system-user-id type="integer">19</updated-system-user-id>
  </web-item>
  <web-item>
    <city nil="true"></city>
    <comments nil="true"></comments>
    <contents-reviewed type="boolean">false</contents-reviewed>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-11-25T07:21:31-05:00</created-at>
    <created-system-user-id type="integer">4</created-system-user-id>
    <date type="date">1735-03-01</date>
    <date-range-end type="date" nil="true"></date-range-end>
    <date-range-start type="date" nil="true"></date-range-start>
    <description>&lt;strong&gt;THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE&lt;/strong&gt;, London, March, 1735 (last issue for this date within our archives).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;* Nice 18th century British magazine&lt;br /&gt;
* Settling Georgia : Savannah &amp;amp; Ebenezer&lt;br /&gt;
* A poem re: dogs&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
A very nice pre-Revolutionary War magazine from the &amp;quot;mother country&amp;quot; with a wide range of varied content including news of the day, political reports, literary items, and other unusual tidbits. This was the first periodical to use the word &amp;quot;magazine&amp;quot; in its title, having begun in 1731 and lasting until 1907. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Among the articles noted in the table of contents are:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;A Custom with Portuguese Ladies&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Coffee House Politicians&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Of Mad Dogs&amp;quot; &amp;quot;In Praise of Dogs, a Poem&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Of Female Slander&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Immorality of Several Popes&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Reasonableness of Christianity&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Number of Papists in England&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt; &amp;amp; more. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Near the back is a section headed: &amp;quot;Monthly Intelligencer&amp;quot; with news reports from various parts of England &amp;amp; Europe with one report under the heading: &amp;quot;Plantation Affairs&amp;quot; including:&lt;em&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;From Georgia, that the 27th of December last the Indian Princes...arriv'd there in good health, pleas'd with their voyage. That colony is in a flourishing condition; 4 towns area already settled, the chief of which are Savannah &amp;amp; Ebenezer, the first by the English, the other by the Saltzburgh Protestants...From Jamaica, that the troops being arrived from Gibraltar, the rebellious Negroes had deserted their chief town...&amp;quot; &lt;/em&gt;(see photos).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Complete in 56 pgs. with full title/index page which contains an engraving of St. John's Gate. Measures about 5 by 8 inches, some scattered foxing. A library stamp in a bottom margin &amp;amp; a repair to a portion of the margin on the title/index page causes no text loss.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is from just the fifth year of this magazine's existence &amp;amp; before any maps or plates were included.</description>
    <description-text>THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE, London, March, 1735 (last issue for this date within our archives).

* Nice 18th century British magazine
* Settling Georgia : Savannah &amp; Ebenezer
* A poem re: dogs

A very nice pre-Revolutionary War magazine from the "mother country" with a wide range of varied content including news of the day, political reports, literary items, and other unusual tidbits. This was the first periodical to use the word "magazine" in its title, having begun in 1731 and lasting until 1907. 

Among the articles noted in the table of contents are:

"A Custom with Portuguese Ladies" "Coffee House Politicians" "Of Mad Dogs" "In Praise of Dogs, a Poem" "Of Female Slander" "Immorality of Several Popes" "Reasonableness of Christianity" "Number of Papists in England" &amp; more. 

Near the back is a section headed: "Monthly Intelligencer" with news reports from various parts of England &amp; Europe with one report under the heading: "Plantation Affairs" including: 
"From Georgia, that the 27th of December last the Indian Princes...arriv'd there in good health, pleas'd with their voyage. That colony is in a flourishing condition; 4 towns area already settled, the chief of which are Savannah &amp; Ebenezer, the first by the English, the other by the Saltzburgh Protestants...From Jamaica, that the troops being arrived from Gibraltar, the rebellious Negroes had deserted their chief town..." (see photos).

Complete in 56 pgs. with full title/index page which contains an engraving of St. John's Gate. Measures about 5 by 8 inches, some scattered foxing. A library stamp in a bottom margin &amp; a repair to a portion of the margin on the title/index page causes no text loss.

This is from just the fifth year of this magazine's existence &amp; before any maps or plates were included.</description-text>
    <folder-id type="integer">1</folder-id>
    <header nil="true"></header>
    <id type="integer">540117</id>
    <image-range-batch>11.95.2007</image-range-batch>
    <image-range-end>image102</image-range-end>
    <image-range-start>image098</image-range-start>
    <image-thumbnail-available type="integer">1</image-thumbnail-available>
    <inventory-item-type-id type="integer">1</inventory-item-type-id>
    <inventory-reference nil="true"></inventory-reference>
    <is-active type="boolean">true</is-active>
    <is-active-reason nil="true"></is-active-reason>
    <is-generic type="boolean">true</is-generic>
    <is-offered-second-rate type="boolean">false</is-offered-second-rate>
    <is-similar type="boolean">false</is-similar>
    <legacy-number nil="true"></legacy-number>
    <message type="NilClass">&lt;a href="http://www.rarenewspapers.com/pages/gm_plate_note" onclick="window.open(this.href,'GMNoteConcerningPlatesandorMaps','resizable=no,location=no,menubar=no,scrollbars=no,status=no,toolbar=no,fullscreen=no,dependent=no,status'); return false"&gt;&lt;font color="#ff0000"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Read Note Regarding Potential Plates/Maps Within This Issue!&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;</message>
    <newspaper-title-id type="integer" nil="true"></newspaper-title-id>
    <override-shipping type="decimal" nil="true"></override-shipping>
    <price type="decimal">48.0</price>
    <price-updated-at type="datetime">2009-03-20T14:10:20-04:00</price-updated-at>
    <quantity type="integer" nil="true"></quantity>
    <state nil="true"></state>
    <subheader>"In Praise of Dogs", a Poem...</subheader>
    <topics> gm_plate_note</topics>
    <treat-as-catalog-item type="boolean">false</treat-as-catalog-item>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-05-05T15:33:24-04:00</updated-at>
    <updated-system-user-id type="integer">3</updated-system-user-id>
  </web-item>
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